Hash函数研究进展
E-mail: yuhongbo@tsinghua.edu.cn
王小云，山东大学、清华大学
E-mail: xywang@sdu.edu.cn
摘要：在现代密码学中，Hash函数占据基础而又重要的地位。Hash函数的研究已经成为近三年来密码学研究的热点领域。本文系统介绍了Hash函数的发展史，尤其是近三年来密码学家在Hash函数的分析上所做出的杰出工作，详细阐述了Hash函数最近的研究进展——MD5和SHA-1破解的理论和技术。针对SHA-1的破解，NIST开展了Hash函数的征集和评估工程来产生新的Hash函数标准以取代SHA-1，该工程从2008年开始到2012年结束。
关键词：Hash函数，MD5，SHA-1，碰撞攻击，NIST
Abstract：Cryptographic Hash functions play a fundamental role in modern cryptography．In past three years，there has been an extensive focus upon design and analysis of Hash functions within the cryptographic community．This paper introduces the developments in Hash functions，especially the excellent work made by the cryptographist，and describes the main theories and techniques in breaking MD5 and SHA-1．In response to SHA-1 vulnerability，NIST has opened a public competition to develop a new cryptographic hash algorithm from 2008 to 2012．
Key words: Hash functions，MD5，SHA-1，collision attack，NIST