第14章 LOUGH NESS(2)

In discussing these exceptions from the course of nature,the first question is,whether the fact be justly stated.That which is strange is delightful,and a pleasing error is not willingly detected.Accuracy of narration is not very common,and there are few so rigidly philosophical,as not to represent as perpetual,what is only frequent,or as constant,what is really casual.If it be true that Lough Ness never freezes,it is either sheltered by its high banks from the cold blasts,and exposed only to those winds which have more power to agitate than congeal;or it is kept in perpetual motion by the rush of streams from the rocks that inclose it.Its profundity though it should be such as is represented can have little part in this exemption;for though deep wells are not frozen,because their water is secluded from the external air,yet where a wide surface is exposed to the full influence of a freezing atmosphere,I know not why the depth should keep it open.Natural philosophy is now one of the favourite studies of the Scottish nation,and Lough Ness well deserves to be diligently examined.

The road on which we travelled,and which was itself a source of entertainment,is made along the rock,in the direction of the lough,sometimes by breaking off protuberances,and sometimes by cutting the great mass of stone to a considerable depth.The fragments are piled in a loose wall on either side,with apertures left at very short spaces,to give a passage to the wintry currents.Part of it is bordered with low trees,from which our guides gathered nuts,and would have had the appearance of an English lane,except that an English lane is almost always dirty.

It has been made with great labour,but has this advantage,that it cannot,without equal labour,be broken up.

Within our sight there were goats feeding or playing.The mountains have red deer,but they came not within view;and if what is said of their vigilance and subtlety be true,they have some claim to that palm of wisdom,which the eastern philosopher,whom Alexander interrogated,gave to those beasts which live furthest from men.

Near the way,by the water side,we espied a cottage.This was the first Highland Hut that I had seen;and as our business was with life and manners,we were willing to visit it.To enter a habitation without leave,seems to be not considered here as rudeness or intrusion.The old laws of hospitality still give this licence to a stranger.

A hut is constructed with loose stones,ranged for the most part with some tendency to circularity.It must be placed where the wind cannot act upon it with violence,because it has no cement;and where the water will run easily away,because it has no floor but the naked ground.The wall,which is commonly about six feet high,declines from the perpendicular a little inward.Such rafters as can be procured are then raised for a roof,and covered with heath,which makes a strong and warm thatch,kept from flying off by ropes of twisted heath,of which the ends,reaching from the center of the thatch to the top of the wall,are held firm by the weight of a large stone.No light is admitted but at the entrance,and through a hole in the thatch,which gives vent to the smoke.

This hole is not directly over the fire,lest the rain should extinguish it;and the smoke therefore naturally fills the place before it escapes.Such is the general structure of the houses in which one of the nations of this opulent and powerful island has been hitherto content to live.Huts however are not more uniform than palaces;and this which we were inspecting was very far from one of the meanest,for it was divided into several apartments;and its inhabitants possessed such property as a pastoral poet might exalt into riches.

When we entered,we found an old woman boiling goats-flesh in a kettle.She spoke little English,but we had interpreters at hand;and she was willing enough to display her whole system of economy.

She has five children,of which none are yet gone from her.The eldest,a boy of thirteen,and her husband,who is eighty years old,were at work in the wood.Her two next sons were gone to Inverness to buy meal,by which oatmeal is always meant.Meal she considered as expensive food,and told us,that in Spring,when the goats gave milk,the children could live without it.She is mistress of sixty goats,and I saw many kids in an enclosure at the end of her house.She had also some poultry.By the lake we saw a potatoe-garden,and a small spot of ground on which stood four shucks,containing each twelve sheaves of barley.She has all this from the labour of their own hands,and for what is necessary to be bought,her kids and her chickens are sent to market.

With the true pastoral hospitality,she asked us to sit down and drink whisky.She is religious,and though the kirk is four miles off,probably eight English miles,she goes thither every Sunday.

We gave her a shilling,and she begged snuff;for snuff is the luxury of a Highland cottage.

Soon afterwards we came to the General's Hut,so called because it was the temporary abode of Wade,while he superintended the works upon the road.It is now a house of entertainment for passengers,and we found it not ill stocked with provisions.