2016年真题详解

Happy people work differently. They' re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.

Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.

The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.

7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest-like size, industry, and sales-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.

The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of“younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.

17 this doesn' t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average, ” said one researcher.

1. [A] why

[B] where

[C] how

[D] when

2. [A] In return

[B] In particular

[C] In contrast

[D] In conclusion

3. [A] sufficient

[B] famous

[C] perfect

[D] necessary

4. [A] individualism

[B] modernism

[C] optimism

[D] realism

5. [A] echo

[B] miss

[C] spoil

[D] change

6. [A] imagined

[B] measured

[C] invented

[D] assumed

7. [A] Sure

[B] Odd

[C] Unfortunate

[D] Often

8. [A] advertised

[B] divided

[C] overtaxed

[D] headquartered

9. [A] explain

[B] overstate

[C] summarize

[D] emphasize

10.[A] stages

[B] factors

[C] levels

[D] methods

11.[A] desirable

[B] sociable

[C] reputable

[D] reliable

12.[A] resumed

[B] held

[C] emerged

[D] broke

13.[A] attribute

[B] assign

[C] transfer

[D] compare

14.[A] serious

[B] civilized

[C] ambitious

[D] experienced

15.[A] thus

[B] instead

[C] also

[D] never

16.[A] rapidly

[B] regularly

[C] directly

[D] equally

17.[A] After

[B] Until

[C] While

[D] Since

18.[A] arrives

[B] jumps

[C] hints

[D] strikes

19.[A] shape

[B] rediscover

[C] simplify

[D] share

20.[A] pray for

[B] lean towards

[C] give away

[D] send out

答案解析

1.【答案】[C]

【解析】原文意思是新的研究表明快乐影响公司的工作[A]原因[B]地点[D]时间，根据语法四项均可入选，但是根据第二段的内容invest和spend可知是怎么做，所以正确答案为C。

2.【答案】[B]

【解析】文章中，前一句意为“根据最新研究员工快乐的公司投资偏多”。后一句“在令人欢乐的地方建立的公司在研究和发展上投资更多”。上下两句构成同向的递进的关系，选项B是特别的、尤其的意思，符合上下文的逻辑关系。[A]In return作为回报[C]In contrast反之[D]In conclusion总之，与其语义不达，不能入选。

3.【答案】[D]

【解析】原句中，longer-term thinking是中心词，for making investments for the future是其定语，为未来投资所 3 的长远的思维方式。[A]sufficient充分的[B]famous著名的[C]perfect完美的[D]necessary必需的，所以应选择[D]necessary必需的，其余均不能入选

4.【答案】[C]

【解析】根据原句中，4 后，inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness和快乐相随相伴的冒险精神，可以推测and前应选择happiness快乐的同义词，所以应选择[C]optimism乐观主义。[A]individualism个人主义[B]modernism现代主义[D]realism现实主义意思均与原文无关。

5.【答案】[D]

【解析】原文if从句中主语是the 4 and inclination乐观和冒险精神，谓语是would，宾语是the way，据语义，快乐和冒险精神改变公司的投资方式，所以选择[D]选项。[A]echo回声[B]miss思念[C]spoil溺爱均不能入选。

6.【答案】[B]

【解析】分解原句得到中心词average happiness，一般的快乐情况，修饰词是6 by Gallup polling，盖洛普民意调查的。根据语义应选择[B]measured测量估量，[A]imagined想象[C]invented发明[D]assumed保证担保使确信，意思不匹配，均不能入选。

7.【答案】[A]

【解析】上一段观点指出快乐改变公司的投资方式，本段7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area，意思是公司的投资与快乐密切相关，上下段语义一致，所以选择[A]Sure, sure enough是果然果真的意思。[B]Odd奇怪[C]Unfortunate不幸地[D]Often经常均不能入选。

8.【答案】[D]

【解析】分解定语从句得到主语是they，谓语是were，状语是in the area。根据语义，公司坐落于某个区域，所以选D。[A]advertised做广告[B]divided分隔[C]overtaxed课税过重均不能入选。

9.【答案】[A]

【解析】分解原句得到主语是something else一些其他事情，谓语是9，宾语是why firms there spend more on R&D为什么公司在投资上花费巨大。根据语义，所以选[A]explain解释。[B]overstate夸大[C]summarize总结[D]emphasize强调均不能入选。

10.【答案】[B]

【解析】根据原文得到公司可能投资的10 , ——即大小，行业和业绩，可以得到答案为[B]factors因素。[A]stages阶段[C]levels层次[D]methods方法均不能入选。

11.【答案】[A]

【解析】原句根据语义，如工资的增长或人口的增长，这些令人怎么样的居住地方，所以选[A]desirable令人满意的。[B]sociable社交的友善的[C]reputable声誉好的[D]reliable可靠的均不能入选。

12.【答案】[B]

【解析】分解原句得到谓语是12，宾语是the link关联。根据语义，考虑到这些因素，人们快乐和投资的关系，所以选[B]held支持保留。[A]resumed重新开始，继续[C]emerged出现[D]broke打破，均不能入选。

13.【答案】[A]

【解析】原句前半句“The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to“less codified decision making process”意思是：在一些新成立的公司，快乐和投资的关系尤为明显，这13 简单的决议过程，所以上下句构成原因与结果的关系，所以选[A]attribute to归因于。[B]assign分配[C]transfer转移转让[D]compare比喻，均不能入选。

14.【答案】[D]

【解析】本句提到younger firms，而此处有less，所以没有经验的经理与新成立的公司语义呼应，所以选[D]experienced有经验的。[A]serious严重的、严肃的[B]civilized文明的、有礼貌的[C]ambitious雄心勃勃的，均不能入选。

15.【答案】[C]

【解析】原句的意思是在快乐传播更广泛的地方这种关联性 15 更强大。下一句的意思是公司更愿意在大多数人都快乐的地方投资，[C]also也，前后句构成并列关系。[A]thus因此[B]instead取而代之[D]never从来不，均不能入选。

16.【答案】[D]

【解析】文中上句的意思是在快乐传播更广泛的地方这种关联性更强大。下句的意思是公司更愿意在大多数人都快乐的地方投资，而不愿意在个别人快乐的公司投资。所以选择[D]equally同样的、同等的。[A]rapidly迅速的[B]regularly规律的[C]directly直接的，均不能入选。

17.【答案】[C]

【解析】上段的意思快乐与投资成正相关，本句 17 this doesn' t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view的意思是这不能证明快乐可以促使公司投资更多，语义上构成对比关系，所以选择[C]While然而。[A]After在……之后[B]Until直到[D]Since自从，均不能入选。

18.【答案】[C]

【解析】文中the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility．作者认为这至少 18 了这种可能性，主语是it，谓语是 18，宾语是这种可能性。所以选[C]hint at暗指。[A]arrives at达成[B]jumps欣然接受、跃向[D]strikes strike at袭击、攻击、向……打击，均不能入选。

19.【答案】[A]

【解析】原句It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future．主语是当地的文化和情感，谓语是帮助 19，宾语是管理层如何考虑未来的发展。所以选[A]shape形成、塑造。[B]rediscover重新发现[C]simplify简化[D]share分享，均不能入选。

20.【答案】[B]

【解析】原句and使快乐的人更加有远见和 20 快乐的人比一般人更易于投资构成并列关系。所以选[B]lean towards趋向于。[A]pray for恳求，请求[B]lean towards趋向倾向（偏向）[C]give away放弃、泄露、分发、出卖[D]send out发送、派遣、放出，均不能入选。

全文翻译（略）