2014年真题详解

Thinner isn' t always better. A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases, compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2 . For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 3 , among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.

Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be moral weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8 , can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(n) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. 17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

Negative attitudes towards obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high–visibility campaign 20 children obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

1. [A] concluded

[B] ensured

[C] doubted

[D] denied

2. [A] dangerous

[B] protective

[C] sufficient

[D] troublesome

3. [A] Instead

[B] However

[C] Likewise

[D] Therefore

4. [A] objective

[B] indicator

[C] origin

[D] example

5. [A] impact

[B] relevance

[C] assistance

[D] concern

6. [A] in favor of

[B] in case of

[C] in terms of

[D] in respects of

7. [A] equals

[B] determines

[C] measures

[D] modifies

8. [A] in turn

[B] in contrast

[C] in essence

[D] in part

9. [A] complicated

[B] conservative

[C] variable

[D] straightforward

10.[A] so

[B] unless

[C] since

[D] while

11.[A] shape

[B] spirit

[C] balance

[D] taste

12.[A] start

[B] qualify

[C] stay

[D] retire

13.[A] strange

[B] constant

[C] normal

[D] changeable

14.[A] option

[B] tendency

[C] opportunity

[D] reason

15.[A] employed

[B] pictured

[C] imitated

[D] monitored

16.[A] compared

[B] combined

[C] settled

[D] associated

17.[A] Yet

[B] Still

[C] Even

[D] Only

18.[A] despised

[B] ignored

[C] corrected

[D] grounded

19.[A] discussions

[B] businesses

[C] policies

[D] studies

20.[A] against

[B] for

[C] without

[D] with

答案解析

1.【答案】[A]

【解析】逻辑关系/ 语义衔接题。根据这句话的意思：“一系列的研究已经____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。”横线后面的一句话是这一系列研究的总结。[A]选项concluded意为总结，[B]选项ensured意为确认，[C]选项doubted意为翻倍，[D]选项denied意为否定。选项[A]符合题意。

2.【答案】[B]

【解析】逻辑关系题。根据后面的例子：“heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women．体重稍重比体重轻的女性能减少缺钙的风险。”说明超重带来的作用是积极的。[A]选项dangerous意为危险的，[B]选项protective意为防护的、保护的，[C]选项sufficient意为充足的，[D]选项troublesome意为麻烦的。根据句意，[B]选项符合题意。

3.【答案】[C]

【解析】语义衔接题。第三句话说明了超重女士的情况，第四句说明的是老人的情况，二者在同一个例子里面，表明的是承接关系，同一个意思。[A]选项Instead意为但是、反而，[B]选项However意为然而，[C]选项Likewise意为同样，[D]选项Therefore意为因此。[A]、[B]表明转折，[D]表明结论，都不符合题意，[C]指明两句话同样意思，因此[C]是正确答案。

4.【答案】[B]

【解析】语义衔接题。“among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an____ of good health.”在老人中，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的。文章中明确表示超重带来的正面、积极的影响。[A]选项objective意为客观的，[B]选项indicator意为指示、指标，[C]选项origin意为来源，[D]选项example意为例子。超重带来的是健康，超重是健康的指标，选项[B]indicator是正确答案。

5.【答案】[D]

【解析】语义衔接题。这句话的意思“需要更加____的是，很难对肥胖加以定义”。[A]选项impact意为印象，[B]选项relevance意为相关性，[C]选项assistance意为辅助，[D]选项concern意为关注。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，已经有一系列的研究表明了这个，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥胖的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为[D]。

6.【答案】[C]

【解析】语义衔接/固定搭配题。本句话的意思“肥胖经常____体质指数，或称为BMI来定义”。这个时候，学生应该有一定的医学常识：BMI通常是衡量受试者健康的重要指标。根据这一点，我们来看[A]选项in favor of表示赞成、以……来取代，[B]选项in case of表示在某种情况下，[C]选项in terms of表示根据……、就……而言，[D]选项in respects of表示关于……。选项[C]是正确答案。

7.【答案】[A]

【解析】词汇辨析题。前文提到肥胖通过BMI指标来定义。这题题干“BMI____体重除以身高的平方”。这句话表明了BMI的计算方法，即BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。英语中“加、减、乘、除”是“add, substract, multiply, divide”, “等于”是“equal”。

8.【答案】[A]

【解析】语义衔接/ 惯用搭配题。divide into是“分为”，本句话的意思“肥胖____能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖”。[A]选项in turn意为依次，[B]选项in contrast意为相反地，[C]选项in essence意为事实上、实际上，[D]选项in part意为部分地。中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖是逐步加深的过程，所以这句话的意思是肥胖可以依次分为以下几种。

9.【答案】[D]

【解析】逻辑衔接题。上文中，肥胖依次分为以上三种，文中题干表示“这样的数字标准（指肥胖的分类）看起来____，实际上不是的”。肥胖的分类清晰明确地表明出来，[A]选项complicated意为复杂的，[B]选项conservative意为保守的，[C]选项variable意为可变的，[D]选项straightforward意为直截了当的。[A]选项不符合题意，[B]选项一般指人而不是数学公式。肥胖的分类是确定的，就是这三种，因此[C]选项不对。[D]符合题意。

10.【答案】[D]

【解析】逻辑衔接题。上文中表示肥胖的分类看起来简单，但是立刻转折：事实上却不是。Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,____ others with a low BMI may be in poor ____. 这句话是对上文转折的解释：一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，____其他人有较低的BMI指数，可能____。前半句表示一些人BMI高，看起来属于肥胖人员，但是实际上身材很好，这是反常现象。后半句是表明有人BMI低……两句是转折关系。so表示因此，unless表示除非，since表示因为，这三个选项均不符合此意，[D]选项while有然而的意思，表示转折。

11.【答案】[A]

【解析】语义衔接题。第11题承接上一题，“一些人的BMI很高，实际上身材正好，然而其他人的BMI指数较低，可能____”。“可能”表示的是虽然BMI指数较低，身材不一定好。[A]选项shape除了表示形状，这里考熟词新意，表示“外形”。spirit意为精神，balance意为平衡，taste意为品味，均不符合题意。

12.【答案】[B]

【解析】语义衔接题。本题干是对上句“一些人的BMI很高，实际上身材正好，然而其他人的BMI指数较低，身材不一定好”的举例说明：有些专业的足球运动员BMI很高，但是体脂率很低。qualify考熟词新意，表示“证明是……，被认为是……”。start开始，stay停留，retire退休，均不符合题意。

13.【答案】[C]

【解析】语义衔接题。“有些人脂肪过高，但是BMI却____”，根据句子意思，不难理解，这些人脂肪过高，但是BMI应该是正常或者过低。[A]选项strange意为奇怪的，[B]选项constant和[D]选项changeable意为善变的，[C]选项normal意为正常的。所以，本题应该选[C]。

14.【答案】[B]

【解析】逻辑衔接题/词汇辨析。本题干是文章后面句意的总括性表达。“Today we have a(n)____ to label obesity as a disgrace.”如今，我们总____给肥胖贴上耻辱的标签。文章后面一句：“obesity includes laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success.”就是对这句话详细的解释。[A]选项option意为选择，[B]选项tendency意为倾向于，[C]选项opportunity意为机会，[D]选项reason意为原因。根据句子意思，[B]选项符合题意。

15.【答案】[B]

【解析】词汇辨析/语义衔接题。本题干是对上句总括性表达（肥胖是耻辱的标签）的解释说明，表明媒体不尊重肥胖者。出现在媒体中的肥胖者的脸都是打了马赛克的。第15题用-ed的形式，表明出现在媒体中的肥胖者被____。[A]选项employed意为雇用，[B]选项pictured意为描述，[C]选项imitated意为模仿，[D]选项monitored意为监视。[C]选项符合题意。

16.【答案】[D]

【解析】词汇辨析/语义衔接题。Stereotypes刻板印象。“对于肥胖者的刻板印象是懒惰，缺乏意志力，对成功的期望值不高。” [A]选项意为与……相比，[B]选项意为与……相结合，[C]选项意为和……和解，[D]选项意为与……相联系。人们总是把这些不好的品质与肥胖者联系起来。[D]选项符合题意。

17.【答案】[C]

【解析】逻辑衔接题。这个题目系上文的逻辑联系。前一句话的意思是“教师、雇员和专家都对肥胖者有歧视，____小孩子蔑视超重者。”“look down on”意为看不起、蔑视。后半句是对前半句意思的加深，表示让步关系。Even意为甚至，符合题意。Yet意为然而，Still意为仍然，Only意为仅仅，均不符合题意。

18.【答案】[D]

【解析】词汇辨析题。这句话是对上段情况的总结。“Negative attitudes towards obesity, in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity ____.”对于肥胖的负面态度，____健康考虑，已经激发一批反肥胖____的产生。该题前后所表达的意思是一致的，反对肥胖是基于对健康的关注。[A]选项despised意为轻视，[B]选项ignored意为忽略，[C]选项corrected意为改正，[D]选项grounded意为基于、考虑。[D]选项符合题意。

19.【答案】[C]

【解析】语义衔接题。该空承接上面句子的意思：基于健康考虑，已经激发一批反肥胖____的产生。文章后文中提到hospital system, many employers institute，指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策问题。[C]选项policies符合题意。[A]选项discussions意为讨论，[B]选项businesses意为商业，[D]选项studies意为学业，均不符合句意。

20.【答案】[A]

【解析】词汇辨析/语义衔接题。这一段的基调是反对肥胖。各相关部分已经出台政策，现在特指美国第一夫人的行为：米歇尔·奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的运动____儿童肥胖。这项运动肯定是反对儿童肥胖。只有介词against含有反对意思，for表示支持，without意为没有，with意为有。

全文翻译（略）