VI. Accurate Decision

To develop people's court informatization, we must set up a centralized court data management platform, and deeply integrate, mine, and utilize the big data of judicial enforcement information.

i. Establishing judicial big data

To pull together the various types of cases scattered in people's courts of all levels and in all places as well as their related data, the Supreme People's Court began in 2013 to organize the establishment of the centralized court data management platform, which officially came online on July 1, 2014. The establishment and improvement of this platform went through three stages-covering all courts in the country, covering all case data, and covering all statistical information. In June 2015, the platform successfully gathered case data from all four levels of courts across the country for the first time. Each court had a set of case data on the platform, and a big data network covering four levels of courts and nearly 10,000 dispatched tribunals was basically in place.According to the Standards for Centralized Court Data Management issued by the Supreme People's Court, a dynamic mechanism was set up between the Supreme People's Court and high people's courts that updates case data every five minutes and every day, effectively supporting the timely and automatic collection of case and document data. In October 2015, the centralized court data management platform realized “full coverage of case data” of all courts in the country. On the platform, every piece of data corresponds to a case,laying the foundation for the completeness, accuracy and maintainability of the case data. In early 2016, the Supreme People's Court asked for comprehensive integration of centralized court data management platform and judicial statistics. By the end of December 2016, the big data management and service platform had automatically generated 478,584 statements, more than 10 million statistical numbers, and 100 million pieces of case information to the 3,520 courts nationwide. It also had the three-layer correlation and verification mechanism among the court, statement and case. By then, Chinese courts were the first in the national government affairs system to bid adieu to manual statistics that had lasted for nearly 70 years.

In the meantime, all 3,520 courts in the country realized real-time data submission, and the centralized court data management platform gathered data of the 95.33 million cases handled by national courts in recent years, which is increasing by 50,000-60,000 cases per day on average. The centralized court data management platform has been upgraded to be a big data management and service platform, which, in addition to judicial enforcement information, also includes the five data systems of judicial personnel, judicial affairs, judicial studies, IT-based management and external data. Boasting comprehensive and rich data resources, the platform is a database of judicial information covering the three functions of data management, sharing and exchange, and data service, and providing seven types of judicial services-information overview, judicial dynamics, judicial statistics, trial quality and efficiency, special analysis, judicial personnel, and overall search. Featuring real-time and automatic data collection, high data reliability and comprehensive availability of data service, the judicial big data management and service platform is the largest judicial information database in the world, laying a solid foundation for further improving the big data development and application by people's courts.

ii. Serving decision making with deep data mining

The value of data lies in application and in supporting decision-making and serving management through big data mining and analysis. On March 2, 2016, faxin.cn, the digital online service platform of legal application in China, came online. Oriented by demand, centered on users and based on market demand analysis, the platform has continuously enriched and expanded its database and improved technical application in a targeted way, so as to provide users with more comprehensive, convenient and intelligent search, push and other services. To implement the “strengthening the Nation through network” strategy and national big data strategy, and push the construction of “Smart Court”, the Supreme People's Court formed the Tianping Judicial Big Data Co. Limited on November 10, 2016. Following the strategic request made by the Supreme People's Court, this company will integrate advantageous court resources, innovate in the mechanism of judicial operation and management, and intensify the study of judicial big data, to serve the people, judicial enforcement and judicial management with legal resources to the largest extent. To enhance the use of judicial big data, the Supreme People's Court set up the Judicial Case Academy to intensify the management, analysis and application of those cases and other judicial data, and made active preparations to form the National Judicial Big Data Research Institute, with a view to providing intelligent judicial big data services for judicial work.

By integrating, analyzing and mining the judicial information collected in a real-time manner on multiple dimensions, we can make court trial more intelligent, judicial management more scientific and national decision-making more accurate. For instance, the Supreme People's Court Information Center and Judicial Case Academy issued a special report on human trafficking crimes, according to which of all the cases of women and children trafficking concluded at first instance by national courts, 94% indeed concerned such crime, accounting for the absolute majority in trafficking cases, while only 6% of the cases were about purchasing trafficked women and children. On the one hand, this shows that incorporating the purchase of trafficked human beings in the Amendment to Criminal Law IⅩhas taken initial effects;on the other hand,it shows that more efforts have to be made to combat and punish the purchase. Of all cases in this regard nationwide, a province in central China took up 15.3%, which pointed out where we should focus our efforts to combat human trafficking. Besides, statistical analysis of the defendant's information such as gender, age, level of education, and identity can, to some extent, help us determine the targets of our efforts and predict, warn and timely deal with relevant cases. A special report on drug crimes was issued at the same time, the data in which show that cases of sheltering others to take narcotic drugs are on the increase, reminding the political-legal departments to crack down harder on this type of crimes. The distribution of foreign-related drug crimes by nation indicates that relevant authorities should pay close attention to drug crimes involving certain countries and prioritize them in prevention and control. Regional distribution of domestic drug crimes points out the key areas of combat, and the accurate analysis of defendant's characteristics helps us to focus on high risk groups in prevention.

Judicial big data are of equally great importance in guiding the work of the political-legal system in local areas. Jilin Province built the provincial centralized court data management platform, which is capable of automatic generation and real-time update of case data in courts of three levels across the Province. It also formed the “Jilin Research Center of Judicial Data Application”, which, by analyzing judicial big data, discovers universal, regular and tendentious problems in social governance, and makes pertinent judicial suggestions to the Party Committee and the government, playing the advisory role of judicial data in serving their decision-making. For example, Jilin High People's Court made special analysis of loan dispute cases involving Jilin Province Rural Credit Bank, and submitted an analytical report to the provincial government. Provincial government leaders paid close attention to the report and made important instructions. Changchun Municipal Intermediate People's Court, based on big data, also conducted special analysis of the change in number of cases, defendant's features, regional distribution and other information about drug crimes, in a bid to assist in the combat against them. In the big data age with Internet Plus being the trend of the times, data sharing and opening and facility connectivity help the courts to interact with other departments and make judicial work increasingly systematic, integrated and coordinated. The rich data resources and rigorous and accurate calculating capability assist the Party and government departments in making scientific decisions and help enhance the State governance capability. The use of big data provides the general public with diverse and personalized public services, and perfects social governance through considerate and meticulous services.