Word List 2

doom /duːm/

【释】n. 劫数；毁灭

【例】The papers are filled with stories of gloom and doom.

【近】destruction

【释】v. 使毁灭

【例】We were doomed to fail.

【近】destine

naval /ˈneɪvl/

【释】adj. 军舰的，海军的 (of or relating to a country’s navy)

【例】The harbor is an important naval base.

morale /məˈræl/

【释】n. 斗志，士气

【例】The team is playing well and their morale is high.

【近】confidence

【形】morality

helmet /ˈhelmɪt/

【释】n. 头盔

【例】The sword split the Knight’s helmet and bit him fatally.

pinch /pɪntʃ/

【释】v. 捏，掐 (squeeze (something) between the thumb and a finger)

【例】Roger pinched my arm.

【近】grab, nip

【释】v. 使紧缺，节制

【例】She pinched back the new growth.

【释】n. 一撮，少量 (an amount that can be held between thumb and forefinger)

【例】Just add a pinch of salt.

missionary /ˈmɪʃəneri/

【释】n./adj. 传教士(的) (a person undertaking a religious mission)

【例】She had a kind of missionary zeal about bringing culture to the masses.

lure /lʊr/

【释】n./v. 诱惑 (trick into a particular place or doing something)

【例】The promise of easy money is always the lure for some people to take up a life of crime.

【近】allurement, bait, beguile

【反】deter, put off

encompass /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/

【释】v. 围绕，包围 (surround and have or hold within)

【例】The district encompasses most of the downtown area.

【近】compass

【释】v. 构成，包括 (include)

【例】His repertoire encompassed everything from Bach to Schoenberg.

【近】embrace

【反】exclude, miss out

scout /skaʊt/

【释】n./v. 侦察(员)

【例】A team of four was sent to scout for a nuclear test site.

【近】lookout, vanguard

artery /ˈɑːrtəri/

【释】n. 动脉

【释】n. 干线，要道 (important main route within a complex road, railway, or river system)

【例】There’s an accident on the main artery into the town.

【近】avenue

bail /beɪl/

【释】n./v. 保释(金)

【例】He was bailed to appear before local magistrates on 5 November.

【近】assurance, guarantee

【释】v. (从船里或某处)往外舀水 (empty a vessel)

【例】We kept her afloat for a couple of hours by bailing frantically.

tenure /ˈtenjər/

【释】n. 占有(期) (the conditions under which land or buildings are held or occupied)

【例】The defendant did not have tenure on the land.

【近】term

【释】n. 任期 (the period of time during which someone holds an important job)

【例】He was in the middle of his tenure as Oxford Professor of Poetry and at the height of his fame.

exempt /ɪɡˈzempt/

【释】v./adj. (被)豁免(的) (do not have to follow or do)

【例】Men in college were exempt from military service.

【近】absolve, discharge, excuse

【反】subject to

casino /kəˈsiːnoʊ/

【释】n. 赌场

【例】She was playing the slots in her favorite casino.

【近】gambling house

theology /θiˈɑːlədʒi/

【释】n. 神学

【例】She is on to War and Peace and Balzac and lists of works on theology.

playoff /ˈpleɪˌɔf/

【释】n. 延长赛；决赛

【例】Playoff basketball is back at the Garden, but only for three nights this season.

tan /tæn/

【释】n./v. 晒黑(的皮肤) (get a tan, from wind or sun)

【例】Leigh rolled over on her stomach to tan her back.

【近】brown

【释】v. 硝(皮) (treat skins and hides with tannic acid so as to convert them into leather)

【例】Tanners tan hides to make leather shoes.

flank /flæŋk/

【释】n. 侧面 (the side of something)

【例】They attacked the enemy on both flanks.

【近】side

inmate /ˈɪnmeɪt/

【释】n. 同狱犯人；同院病人

【例】She tells him that she’s responding to a report that an inmate has heat exhaustion.

【近】prisoner, convict, captive

verge /vɜːrdʒ/

【释】n. 边缘，界限 (an edge or border)

【例】The suspect was on the verge of confessing.

【近】edge, fringe, margin

【释】v. 接近 (approach the nature or condition of something specified)

【例】This verges on madness.

lieutenant /luːˈtenənt/

【释】n. 尉官 (a person who holds a junior officer’s rank in the army, navy, marines, or air force, or in the American police force)

【例】He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant.

【释】n. 助理 (an assistant with power to act when his superior is absent)

【例】She has her best lieutenants working on a proposal.

【近】aid, coadjutant

tremble /ˈtrembl/

【释】v./n. 颤抖，战栗 (shake involuntarily, as from excitement or anger)

【例】Adam’s hands began to tremble as he opened the letter.

【例】My voice trembled as I began to speak.

【近】quiver, shudder, shiver

fling /flɪŋ/

【释】v. 猛扔 (throw)

【例】The woman flung the cup at him out of anger.

【近】toss, hurl, cast

【释】v. 猛冲

【例】She flung herself onto the couch.

【释】n. 恣意，一时放纵

【例】They had time for one last fling before going back to school.

savage /ˈsævɪdʒ/

【释】n./adj. 未开化的(人)；野蛮的(人) (not civilized; barbaric)

【例】He was the victim of a savage attack.

【近】barbarian, ferocious, cruel

【反】civilized, tame

【形】savagery

【释】v. 猛烈攻击 (assault ferociously)

【例】The newspapers savaged his reputation.

subsidize /ˈsʌbsɪdaɪz/

【释】v. 以津贴补助 (help someone pay for the costs of)

【例】The state subsidizes housing for low-income families.

【近】finance, fund

【形】subsidy

grate /ɡreɪt/

【释】n. 壁炉；炉栅

【例】This is the reflection of trees in a rusting grate in a park.

【释】v. 磨碎，碾碎

【例】Grate the cheese into a mixing bowl.

【近】grind

【释】v. 使烦躁

【例】What truly grates is the painful banter.

【近】rasp, peeve

inflict /ɪnˈflɪkt/

【释】v. 使遭受折磨；造成

【例】Such a policy would inflict severe hardship and suffering.

【反】guard, shelter, shield

【释】v. 使负担，强迫 (force to undergo or experience)

【例】the environmental damage we are inflicting on the Earth

【近】force upon, impose

tread /tred/

【释】v. 行走 (walk or step on something)

【例】Terry kept his eyes on the cobbles, treading carefully.

【近】ambulate, troop

【释】v. 践踏

【例】Do not try to tread on her feelings.

flare /fler/

【释】n./v. 闪光

【例】When the crew saw flares, they knew the other ship was in trouble.

【近】blaze

【释】n./v. 爆发；发怒

【例】She displayed a flare of anger.

【近】burst, outbreak

【释】n./v. 呈喇叭形展开

【例】The pants flare at the bottom.

inheritance /ɪnˈherɪtəns/

【释】n. 继承(物)

【例】He left sizable inheritance to his children.

【近】bequest, heritage

【形】inherit

rhyme /raɪm/

【释】n./v. 押韵，韵律

【例】She used “moon” as a rhyme for “June.”

【形】rhythmic

saddle /ˈsædl/

【释】n. 马鞍；车座

【例】The saddle is secure.

【释】v. 使肩负重担

【例】They were saddled with the children.

【近】burden, encumber

vain /veɪn/

【释】adj. 无价值的 (not yielding the desired outcome)

【例】They made a vain attempt to protect the town from attack.

【近】futile, fruitless

【反】efficacious

【释】adj. 自负的 (having excessive pride in one’s appearance or accomplishments)

【例】He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.

【近】arrogant, haughty

【反】humble, meek

【用】in vain 徒然

shove /ʃʌv/

【释】n./v. 推；挤 (a strong push)

【例】He was then shoved face down on the pavement.

【近】propel, thrust

【用】shove off 离开

crumble /ˈkrʌmbl/

【释】v. 粉碎 (break something into small pieces)

【例】The recipe calls for the herbs to be crumbled.

【近】squash

【释】v. 失败，崩溃

【例】She was extremely depressed after her marriage crumbled.

【近】decay, molder

revolt /rɪˈvoʊlt/

【释】v./n. 反抗 (protest against authority)

【例】Several players revolted against their new coach.

【近】rebel

【反】submit, succor

chord /kɔːrd/

【释】n. 和弦；弦

【例】This description certainly strikes a chord with me.

cemetery /ˈseməteri/

【释】n. 墓地

【例】The body was interred at that cemetery.

murmur /ˈmɜːrmər/

【释】n./v. 咕哝不清；抱怨

【例】He turned and murmured something to the professor.

【近】whisper, mutter

commute /kəˈmjuːt/

【释】v. 通勤 (travel some distance between one’s home and place of work on a regular basis)

【例】She commutes from Oxford to London every day.

【释】v. 代替，交换

【例】The judge commuted his death sentence to life imprisonment.

【近】convert, transmute

【形】commuter

outset /ˈaʊtset/

【释】n. 开端

【例】He was not here at the outset of the experiment.

【近】commencement, onset

【反】end

booth /buːθ/

【释】n. 小隔间，货摊

【例】We got hot dogs at one of the food booths.

【用】telephone booth 电话亭

poise /pɔɪz/

【释】n./v. 平衡；镇定 (graceful and elegant bearing in a person)

【例】What amazed him even more than her appearance was her poise.

【近】equilibrium, stasis

【释】n. 姿势 (a graceful, very controlled way of standing and moving)

【例】Ballet classes are important for poise and grace.

【用】self-poise 自动平衡；镇定

【形】poised

preside /prɪˈzaɪd/

【释】v. 主持；掌管 (be in the position of authority in a meeting or gathering)

【例】They asked if I would preside at the committee meeting.

【近】conduct, host

rigorous /ˈrɪɡərəs/

【释】adj. 严格的

【例】The school is famous for its rigorous enforcement of rules.

【近】rigid

【释】adj. 缜密的

【例】We subjected the data to rigorous analysis.

【近】exact, nice

【释】adj. 严酷的

【例】Prepare for a rigorous winter.

【近】harsh

【反】gentle

【形】rigor

giggle /ˈɡɪɡl/

【释】v./n. 咯咯傻笑 (a light, silly laugh)

【例】The children giggled all the way through the film.

【近】chortle

compassion /kəmˈpæʃn/

【释】n. 怜悯 (a feeling of sympathy for someone)

【例】He felt compassion for the lost child.

【近】sympathy, mercy

【反】indifference, aloofness

【形】compassionate

envisage /ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ/

【释】v. 想象

【例】He had never envisaged spending the whole of his working life in that particular job.

【近】conceive, envision

coupon /ˈkuːpɑːn/

【释】n. 配给券；优惠券

【例】Go and get some grocery coupons.

【近】voucher

【释】n. 参赛表

【例】Fill in the coupon below.

【近】form

dub /dʌb/

【释】v. 把…称作 (give an unofficial name or nickname to)

【例】At the height of her career, she dubbed herself the most exciting woman in the world.

【近】denominate, designate

【释】v. 配音 (provide (movies) with a soundtrack of a foreign language)

【例】You have to dub an American film for the Spanish audience.

beneficiary /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃieri/

【释】n. 受惠者，受益人

【例】Her husband was the chief beneficiary of her will.

lapse /læps/

【释】n. 失误，小错 (fall from a previous level or standard, as of accomplishment, quality, or conduct)

【例】This had had a disastrous effect and it took many weeks for the analysis to recover from my lapse.

【近】blunder, bungle

【释】n./v. 衰退；失效 (come to an end gradually or temporarily)

【例】Remind me to renew the driver’s license. It will lapse next month.

【释】n. 时间间隔 (a break in continuity; a pause)

【例】The two countries restored the diplomatic relation after a lapse of 24 years.

mutter /ˈmʌtər/

【释】v./n. 嘀咕，咕哝 (talk in a quiet voice that is difficult to hear)

【例】He muttered an apology and then left.

【近】murmur

【释】v. 轻声抱怨

【例】Some employees are muttering about the changes in the pension plan.

【近】grumble

ranch /ræntʃ/

【释】n. 牧场

【例】He bought a cattle ranch for his father.

【形】rancher

acoustic /əˈkuːstɪk/

【释】adj. 声学的 (of or relating to sound)

【例】In our case, we have found the true acoustic echo beacon.

【近】auditory, audial

【形】acoustical

shiver /ˈʃɪvər/

【释】v. 颤抖 (a momentary trembling movement)

【例】I was sitting on the floor shivering with fear.

【近】tremble, shake, quake

retention /rɪˈtenʃn/

【释】n. 保持 (the continued possession, use, or control of something)

【例】They supported the retention of a strong central government.

【形】retentive

trench /trentʃ/

【释】n. 沟渠；战壕

【例】Plant seeds in shallow trenches to conserve moisture.

【近】ditch

spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/

【释】adj. 宽敞的

【例】The hotel has a spacious lounge and TV room.

【近】capacious, commodious

【反】confined, circumscribed

jerk /dʒɜːrk/

【释】n./v. 突然的一动 (a quick, sharp, sudden movement)

【例】The car started with a jerk.

【近】snap, lurch

【释】n. 蠢人

【例】He is such a jerk!

dazzle /ˈdæzl/

【释】v. 使目眩

【例】The sun, glinting from the pool, dazzled me.

【释】v. 使惊奇 (inspire admiration or wonder)

【例】Elvis always dazzled his audiences.

crunch /krʌntʃ/

【释】n./v. (使)嘎吱作响

【例】A piece of china crunched under my foot.

【近】chomp

【释】v./n. 咬碎，压碎

【例】She sucked an ice cube into her mouth, and crunched it loudly.

【释】n. 危急情况

【例】The crunch came when the computer stopped working.

refrain /rɪˈfreɪn/

【释】v. 抑制 (stop oneself from doing something)

【例】Please refrain from smoking.

【近】abstain, withhold, constrain

【释】n. (诗歌)叠句；(音乐)副歌

【例】Pay attention to the refrain of the song.

wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/

【释】n./v./ adj./adv. 批发(的/地) (the selling of goods in large quantities to be retailed by others)

【例】Is that price retail or wholesale?

【释】adj./adv. 大规模的(地)

【例】They are only doing what is necessary to prevent wholesale destruction of vegetation.

【近】sweeping, indiscriminate

【反】partial

groove /ɡruːv/

【释】n. 槽 (a long narrow furrow or channel)

【例】Grooves were made in the shelf, base, and sides to accommodate the back panel.

【近】channel, trench, canal

【释】n. 极其愉悦的经历 (a very pleasurable experience)

【例】She hasn’t yet found her groove.

dart /dɑːrt/

【释】v. 猛冲，突进 (move suddenly and rapidly)

【例】We saw a deer dart across the road.

【近】sprint

【反】dally, dawdle

overturn /ˌoʊvərˈtɜːrn/

【释】v. 倾翻，颠覆

【例】The crowd proceeded to overturn cars and set them on fire.

【近】overthrow, overset

【释】v. 撤销 (abolish, invalidate, or reverse)

【例】He fought for eight years to overturn a conviction for armed robbery.

tout /taʊt/

【释】v. 兜售 (attempt to sell)

【例】People were touting tickets outside the stadium.

【释】v. 吹嘘，吹捧

【例】The company’s stock is being touted by many financial advisers.

【近】ballyhoo, trumpet

genome /ˈdʒiːnoʊm/

【释】n. 基因组

【例】His findings will be published in his analysis of the Neanderthal genome shortly.

outright /ˈaʊtraɪt/

【释】adj. 直率的 (without reservation or conceal-ment)

【例】This drew a stream of emotional comments, which were a mixture of confusion, curiosity, and outright disgust.

【近】downright

【释】adj. 彻底的 (complete and total)

【例】She had failed to win an outright victory.

【近】consummate, utter

peg /peɡ/

【释】n. 夹子；衣服钩

【例】Her coat hung from a peg behind the door.

【释】v. 用夹子夹住 (fix or make fixed with a peg or pegs)

【例】The tent was pegged to the ground.

【近】pin

insulin /ˈɪnsəlɪn/

【释】n. 胰岛素

【例】Check your blood sugar level before and after any activity, especially if you take insulin.

nuisance /ˈnuːsns/

【释】n. 麻烦事，讨厌的人 (a person, thing, or circumstance causing inconvenience or annoyance)

【例】The bugs in the software were a nuisance.

【近】pest, irritant, annoyance

boycott /ˈbɔɪkɑːt/

【释】n./v. 抵制

【例】They boycotted the elections.

【近】spurn, ban, veto

【反】support

siege /siːdʒ/

【释】n. 包围，围攻

【例】The siege of the fort lasted into the morning.

【释】n. 长期折磨

【例】She endured a three-week siege of flu.

glitter /ˈɡlɪtər/

【释】n./v. 闪烁 (shimmering, reflected light)

【例】His eyes glittered with a tense amusement.

【近】gleam, glimmer, sparkle

【释】n./v. (有)魅力 (superficial attractiveness)

【例】She was blinded by the glitter and the glamour of her own life.

rein /reɪn/

【释】n./v. 驾驭，支配；控制 (control)

【例】He has a tight rein on every part of the process.

【例】He couldn’t rein his impatience.

【近】repress, restrain, suppress

【释】n. 缰绳

tractor /ˈtræktər/

【释】n. 拖拉机

【例】The tractor was loaded with strawberries.

【形】tractable

ramp /ræmp/

【释】n. 斜面 (a sloping surface between two places that are at different levels)

【例】We feel we should redesign the ice ramp before we fly this mission.

【近】slope

foil /fɔɪl/

【释】n. 箔

【例】Wrap the cheese in foil to keep it moist.

【释】v. 挫败 (prevent from succeeding)

【例】The escape attempt was foiled by wardens firing in the air.

【近】frustrate, baffle, thwart

【反】assist

smear /smɪr/

【释】n. 污点 (a mark made by smearing)

【释】v. 涂抹 (spread or daub with a sticky, greasy, or dirty substance)

【例】She toasted the bread and smeared cream cheese on top.

【释】v. 污蔑，诽谤

【例】Political enemies smeared his reputation.

【近】taint, besmirch

glide /ɡlaɪd/

【释】n./v. 滑动 (move with a smooth continuous motion)

【例】Waiters glide between tightly packed tables bearing trays of pasta.

【近】slide, slip, sail, float

【形】glider

weary /ˈwɪri/

【释】adj. 疲惫的 (physically or mentally tired)

【例】They collapsed on to their beds, too weary to get changed.

【近】fatigued, worn out

【反】refreshed

【释】v. 使疲惫 (cause to become tired)

【例】The work wearies me sometimes.

pathetic /pəˈθetɪk/

【释】adj. 可怜的 (arousing or deserving of sympathetic sadness and compassion)

【例】The child looked so small and pathetic.

【近】pitiful, rueful, commiserable

【释】adj. 无价值的 (useless or not effective in an annoying way)

【例】That’s the most pathetic excuse I’ve ever heard.

swirl /swɜːrl/

【释】v. 旋转 (move in a twisting pattern)

【例】The water swirled down the drain.

【近】whirl

analog /ˈænəlɔːɡ/

【释】n. 类似物；类似的人

【例】We can build an analog by recreating some of the conditions of a supernova.

【形】analogue

lash /læʃ/

【释】v./n. 鞭打 (strike (someone) with a whip or stick)

【例】They lashed him repeatedly about the head.

【近】whip, scourge

tug /tʌɡ/

【释】n./v. 拉；拽 (a hard or sudden pull)

【例】We tugged so hard that the rope broke.

【近】drag, haul

【释】n./v. 竞争，较量

【例】There’s a tug of war between resources and the amount of work that needs to be done.

【近】contend, battle

intersection /ˌɪntərˈsekʃn/

【释】n. 交叉；十字路口

【例】The accident occurred at a busy intersection.

hitherto /ˌhɪðərˈtuː/

【释】adv. 迄今，至今 (until now or until the point in time under discussion)

【例】At the talent show, Kyle revealed his hitherto unknown gift for doing impressions.

【近】so fat, yet

ascertain /ˌæsərˈteɪn/

【释】v. 查明；确定 (make sure of)

【例】Police are trying to ascertain the facts of the case.

【近】unearth, query

【反】assume, conjecture, surmise

blunt /blʌnt/

【释】adj./v. 钝的；使迟钝 (make or become less sharp)

【例】Wine can blunt the senses.

【近】obtuse, dull

【反】acute, sharp

【释】adj. 直言的 (abrupt and often disconcertingly frank in speech)

【例】To be perfectly blunt, I find her annoying.

【近】abrupt, brusque

【反】tactful, politic

preacher /ˈpriːtʃər/

【释】n. 传道士

【例】Remember what that new young preacher said in church today.

【近】minister, clergyman

【形】preaching

cram /kræm/

【释】v. 塞满，填满 (completely fill to the point that it appears to be overflowing)

【例】It’s difficult to cram everything into a tight schedule.

【近】jam

pedal /ˈpedl/

【释】n./v. (踩)踏板

【例】She climbed on her bike and pedaled the five miles home.

viability /ˌvaɪəˈbɪləti/

【释】n. 可行性 (capability of being done or used)

【例】It evaluates the basic viability of the project.

【形】viable

muse /mjuːz/

【释】v. 沉思 (be absorbed in one’s thoughts)

【例】Many of the papers muse on the fate of the President.

【近】ponder, deliberate, meditate

【释】n. 灵感 (a source of inspiration)

【例】His muse had deserted him, and he could no longer write.

drape /dreɪp/

【释】v. 悬挂；覆盖

【例】We’ll drape strings of lights between the trees for the party.

【近】wrap, cover

clamp /klæmp/

【释】v. 夹紧，固定住 (fasten (something) in place with a clamp)

【例】The surgeon clamped the vein.

【近】clasp, clinch, grasp

【释】v. 强制实行，把…强加于

【例】The government decided to clamp restraints on labor strikes.

groan /ɡroʊn/

【释】v./n. 呻吟 (a deep inarticulate sound in res-ponse to pain or despair)

【例】The other people in the queue were moaning and groaning.

【近】moan, grumble