表格题

表格题（table）在所有的雅思图表作文中以其涵盖的信息量大、考查的分析点多而备受出题者青睐。有的考生一看到众多的数据点往往无所适从，而大部分人即使是已经分析完全图也很容易出现思路混乱的情况。从小作文的反馈信息来看，思路混乱的文章很难得到6分以上。

在此我们建议对表格题的分析可以采取横、纵两条线分两方向分别进行，其操作过程中要关注最重要的两项：一是比较，二是归类或者总结趋势。如果其中的一个方向是时间、年代、年龄等连续体，该方向的分析则可以相应从简。

从本质上讲，对于比较和归类，表格题和多柱图以及多饼图在数据的采取和比较的参照点选取方法上几乎是一模一样的，只是一般情况下表格给定的总数据会比较多，采点时不如柱状图和饼形图那么直观；还好本类图表归类难度较轻，只需把比较类似的数据归到一起，形成两到三类，相应地减轻分析时的数据即可。但是要从大量的数据中归纳出一定的结论的确不易，棘手的原因之一是因为表格图往往有特殊点存在，二是因为表格图横格和纵格有可能都会呈现一定的规律性，在考场上比较紧张的情况下考生出现遗漏的情况也不乏其例。

我们还是先来看如何分析一个比较简单的统计表（原图和一个柱状图一起出现）：

首先，第一行的几个年代可以暂时忽略，所以我们首先看三个国家在不同年间的纵比以及它们之间的横比：1950年时，中国是三国之中人均寿命最短的国家，但后期增幅最大，预计到2050年将达到最高值；与之相类似的是西班牙，在统计时段内其人口平均年龄也在不断增长，但增幅稍逊于中国；但是美国的数字几乎没有什么变化，徘徊在73左右。

其次，我们要注意归纳式的表达。所有的年龄都呈现增多的趋势，只有美国在2050年的一个预计值是个例外，所以这个题的难度不大。加上原题中该图还搭配有另外一个数据含量也比较大的多柱图，需要占用大量的笔墨，所以该图写起来不必要太过详细。

【原创范例】

The average life span in China grew most significantly, from the least（65）in 1950 to the projected maximum（83）in 2050.

And similar age lengthening happened in Spain, but with slower pace.

By contrast, the only country with possible decreasing data was US, but around 73 Americans survived.

虽然范例字数不多，但是对三个国家各自的变化趋势以及之间的类比和反比、极值、特殊点包括原始数据都有涵盖，何况这个统计表只是150字小作文当中的一个图，因此写得过多没有意义。本图从分析和示例范例上看，除了前面我们多次用到的表达极值、比较等句式和词汇外，统计表中的核心要素——平均年龄如何用名词（average life span, age lengthening）、动词（survived）或者介词短语（with possible decreasing data）等不同词性表达出来对于该图表来说可能更具有挑战性。

下面我们来看一道比较有代表性的统计表：

这个表和前一个表相比，横向和纵向的数目都增多了，而且项目之间完全是“散点”（即没有连续性），不论是参比数据的选取还是归纳难度都远大于第一个统计表。首先我们看第一行列出的几个国家，不难看出其中有一个比较特殊的个例——新加坡，其人口不算多，婴儿死亡率低，而且平均受教育程度最高，这样一个结论自然而然就形成于此：该国家比较适合人类居住，因为社会福利较好，居民生活条件比较优越；而牙买加婴儿死亡率最高，平均受教育水平低，所以和前面我们提到的新加坡相比，不太适合居住。

接下来我们从横向的几个经济指标方面来比较一下：对于人口这一项，玻利维亚最稠密而牙买加人口最少；对于婴儿死亡率，因为前面几个国家比较中已经提及，所以可以只略写剩下几个数据都比较平均的值；第三项和第四项看似两行，但其实可以归类为一行，因为除了牙买加的男性受教育率极其低之外其他所有的数值差距不太显著，最高值前文已提到，所以我们可以将其列为该类中的特殊值来处理。

【原创范例】

Among the 4 nations listed, Singapore was the only one that was not too densely populated, with extremely advanced medical care（nearly 100%birth survival）and highest literacy coverage（94%and 87%for men and women respectively），which indicates that Singapore was the unparalleled land to live in, considering its quite ideal social welfare system.

A counterexample is Jamaica. Although it had the fewest people，2.3 million, its fatality proportion of the new-born babies arrived at 70，the worst in all the surveyed countries, and the living environment was aggravated by the least sufficient education level for men, nearly 1/3 lower than all others.

For population, the largest figure went to Bolivia，23 million, which was ten times that of Jamaica.But in medical area, except the above-mentioned Singapore, Jamaica, Ecuador and Bolivia were all in need of substantial improvement.And as to education, all the other items of the four countries were quite similar, with males in Jamaica an exception, but a 10%greater percentage of men seemed to have more schooling than women, the averaging of which was about 84%.

这样的从横、纵两个主轴来分析比较，一方面能够使文章分段清楚，有利于读者理解，当然还可能得到更高的分数；另一方面操作起来易于理顺思路，不至于写成一团麻，也减少了遗漏的可能。

其他横向的几个经济指标（population, infant mortality rate, and literacy）由于在几个国家之间都可能反复被提到比较，所以要避免词汇上的单调重复。此外，反复的对照和类比对于句法的多样性这一评分标准而言，也是一个不小的问题。如第二段中关于牙买加的极值有三个，但是分别以从句中的宾语（the fewest people）、主句中的同位语（the worst）和与前面主句相并列的另外一个主句中的介词宾语（the least sufficient education level）的形式来呈现的。

饼图练习

A.

The chart below shows the results of a survey of people who visited four types of tourist attraction in Britain in the year 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

B.

The charts below show reasons for travel and the main issues for the travelling public in the US in 2009.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

表格题练习

A.

The table below gives information about the problems faced by children in two primary schools in 2005 and 2015.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Percentage of children with different educational problems in two primary schools

B.

The table below shows the amount of waste production（in millions of tonnes）in six different countries over a twenty-year period.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

C.

The table shows the percentages of employers in four industries finding it difficult recruiting employees in 2003 and 2004.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

表格题范文

The table below shows percentages of mobile phone owners using various mobile phone features.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Percentage of mobiIe phone owners using various mobiIe phone features

The table compares the percentages of people using different functions of their mobile phones between 2006 and 2010.

Throughout the period shown, the main reason why people used their mobile phones was to make calls. However, there was a marked increase in the popularity of other mobile phone features, particularly the Internet search feature.

In 2006，100%of mobile phone owners used their phones to make calls, while the next most popular functions were text messaging（73%）and taking photos（66%）.By contrast, less than 20%of owners played games or music on their phones, and there were no figures for users doing Internet searches or recording video.

Over the following 4 years, there was relatively little change in the figures for the top three mobile phone features. However, the percentage of people using their phones to access the Internet jumped to 41%in 2008 and then to 73%in 2010.There was also a significant rise in the use of mobiles to play games and to record video, with figures reaching 41%and 35%respectively in 2010.

表格题小贴士

表格题虽然是最直观、最简洁的一种图表，但其特点是数据繁多，因此我们就会碰到一个较大的难题：如何对众多的数据进行挑选和分组。挑选的原则可参考前面提到的特殊数值，比如最大值、最小值、倍数值等。而分组的原则也是把反差较大的归入一组，或将情况近似的放在一起进行描写。