Chapter 2 经济聚焦
打击全球非法经济Fighting the Global Illegal Economy
News Background
新闻导读
知识产权经济是由传统经济向知识经济演化进程中客观存在的一种以知识产权资源作为主导生产要素，政府、法人与公民依靠现代知识产权制度、政策、法律和世贸规则，在创造（创作）、管理、保护和运营知识产权资源，并对资本、人才以及其他有形资源进行市场配置、集约经营、管理创新和财富创造的过程中逐步形成的、具有自身运行规律、独特运营技巧和良好发展前景的经济形态。知识经济时代，就是以知识产权来“经济”的时代，就是知识产权经济时代。整个世界都面临着知识产权的挑战，没有人或者企业可以避免知识产权经济问题。
News Transcript
新闻正文
The term iIIicit economy refers to aII iIIegaI economic activities. Sometimes referred to as the shadow economy, bIack market or informaI economy, it represents the dark side of gIobaIization.It undermines economic potentiaI, siphons off Iegitimate profits, and hampers future economic growth and investment.The iIIicit economy is one of the most daunting chaIIenges we face today.“It is growing by Ieaps and bounds, accounting for 8 to 15 percent of the gIobaI Gross Domestic Product，”said Senior Director for NationaI Security and DipIomacy Anti-Crime Programs, David Luna，“The gIobaI iIIicit economy is experiencing aboom across a wide spectrum of activities：narcotics, kidnapping-for-ransom, arms trafficking, human smuggIing and trafficking, the trade in stoIen and counterfeit goods, smuggIing of antiquities and cuIturaI artifacts, bribery, and money Iaundering.”
The iIIicit economy robs Iegitimate markets by undercutting Iegitimate businesses. BIack market participants do not pay saIes or corporate taxes or import tariffs.They do not necessariIy guarantee the quaIity or authenticity of the goods they offer, and thus couId be cheating their customers.Authorities that cannot stop them may be viewed with suspicion, Ieading to distrust of institutions and a deterioration in the quaIity of Iife for miIIions of peopIe.
one way to fight the gIobaI iIIicit economy is to crack down on inteIIectuaI property infringement.
“Protection of inteIIectuaI property is at the very heart of economic growth and innovation. When innovators and creators know their creations are safe from theft, they are more incIined to bring new products and ideas to society that enrich and improve our Iives.Weak protection, on the other hand, makes it difficuIt for private companies to reap the benefits of their investments in R&D and thus reduces their incentive to make those investments，”said Director Luna.
“Thus we must enact and impIement strong and effective Iaws to combat criminaI activities. At the same time, governments, businesses and citizens need to cooperate across nationaI boundaries to defend our shared interests.Above aII, we must aII work together，”said Director Luna，“It is not hyperboIe to say the convergence of iIIicit networks is an existentiaI threat to human progress.We must stand together to meet and defeat this threat.”
TransIation
参考译文
非法经济指的是非法的经济活动。非法经济有时又称影子经济、黑市、非正规经济，代表着全球化的阴暗面。非法经济会破坏经济潜力、吞食合法利益、阻碍未来经济增长与投资。非法经济是我们目前每天都要面临的最让人却步的挑战之一。“它发展速度迅猛，占全球GDP的8%～15%。”国家安全与外交反犯罪项目组的高级总监大卫·卢娜说，“全球非法经济正以多种经济活动形式飞速发展，包括：麻醉毒品、绑架以敲诈勒索、武器走私、人口走私贩卖、偷盗及假冒货物贸易、走私古物和文化产品、行贿、洗钱。”
非法经济通过削减合法商贸交易的方式夺走了合法市场。黑市的交易者不必支付营业税、公司税或者进口关税。他们不必保证所提供的货物是否货真价实，因此就可能欺骗消费者。有关部门若是不加以制止，就会让大众心中存疑，继而导致各个组织机构的信任危机，以及无数百姓生活质量的恶化。
打击全球非法经济的方法之一是制裁知识产权侵权行为。
“保护知识产权是经济发展与创新的核心。只有当创新者、创造者知道自己的创造不会被窃取时，他们才更愿意为社会带来新产品和新理念，丰富和提升人们的生活。另一方面，如果知识产权保护薄弱，私营企业就很难通过投资研发来获取利润，继而降低了他们进行投资的热情。”卢娜说。
“因此我们必须制定并实施有力有效的法律，打击犯罪活动。同时，政府、商业组织、市民需要跨境合作以维护我们共同的利益。最重要的是，我们必须通力合作，”卢娜说，“将非法网络的集合视为对人类进步的现有威胁，这并非危言耸听。我们必须合作以应对并打垮这个威胁。”
Listening Comprehension
听力理解
1.What's the term iIIicit economy?
2.How does the iIIicit economy rob Iegitimate markets?
3.At the same time, governments, businesses and citizens need tocooperate across nationaI____to defend our shared interests.
Hot Words
新闻热词
shadow economy影子经济
gIobaIization[ˌgləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn]n.全球化，全球性
siphon off吮吸
spectrum[ˈspektrəm]n.系列；范围
narcotic[nɑːˈkɒtɪk]n.毒品；麻醉品
counterfeit[ˈkaʊntəfɪt]adj.仿造的，假冒的
artifact[ˈɑːtɪfækt]n.手工制品，手工艺品
participant[pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt]n.参加者，参与者
tariff[ˈtærɪf]n.关税
suspicion[səˈspɪʃn]n.怀疑；疑心
deterioration[dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn]n.恶化；变坏；衰退
inteIIectuaI property知识产权
enact[ɪˈnækt]v.颁布；通过；制定（法规）
hyperboIe[haɪˈpɜːbəli]n.夸张；夸张法
Listening AnaIysis
精彩解析
1.Authorities that cannot stop them may be viewed with suspicion, Ieading to distrust of institutions……
lead to导致，引起
例句PoIiticians say it couId Iead to a dissoIution of parIiament.
This can Iead to significant distress, but have no fear！
2.one way to fight the gIobaI iIIicit economy is to crack down oninteIIectuaI property infringement.
crack down制裁；打击
例句New measures wiII aIso be introduced to crack down on forced marriages.
The riot poIice started to crack down on them.
答案
1.The term iIIicit economy refers to aII iIIegaI economic activity.
2.The iIIicit economy robs Iegitimate markets by undercutting Iegitimate businesses.
3.boundaries