美国大学实施改造计划，学生工作偿还学费Colleges in the United States Are Im-plementing a Program of Restructuring to Pay for Student Work

News Background

新闻导读

每年的3～4月是美国大学录取通知高峰期，虽然美国从幼稚园（Kindergarten）到高中（High SchooI）的12年义务教育（简称K-12）都是免费的，但大学是要自掏腰包付学费的。美国大学的学费相当贵（公立大学约2万美元/学年），给家长与学生带来沉重的负担，而且学费还年年上涨。这种情况下，申请到学费补助（FinanciaI Aid）或者奖学金（SchoIarship）来减少经济压力就格外重要了。学费资助（FinanciaI Aid）是美国联邦政府、州政府、学校或私人机构提供给学生的学费资助，筛选方式可能依家庭经济条件等有所不同。FinanciaI Aid分为两大类：Need-Based FinanciaI Aid：在于减轻家庭财务负担，以家庭经济情况决定数额，类似助学金。Merit-Based SchoIarship：在于奖励优秀学生、吸引就读，以学生表现决定数额，类似奖学金。常见的FinanciaI Aid形式：助学金（Grants or Assistantship），由各机构资助学生的大学学费，无须偿还，属Free Money。贷款（Student Loan），借贷所需学费于大学毕业后归还本金和利息，属SeIf-HeIp Aid。工读（Work-Study），联邦工读计划，以工时赚取学费，属SeIf-HeIp Aid。

News Transcript

新闻正文

New report in our series on affording the cost of coIIege：federaI work study jobs can give you the chance to work part-time whiIe you are in schooI, but a schooI has to participate in the government program, and not aII students quaIify for it.

Private schooI, in particuIar, is expensive. Sticker price incIuding room and board for the average U.S.private coIIege, more than 42，000 per year.But at BIackburn CoIIege inIIIinois, it’s just under 24，000 per year.The price comes down when students work at it.

Some universities are starting to Iook Iike resorts with pricy amenities Iike SPAs, rock waIIs and swimming pooIs, and they are passing aIong the biII to students.

Tuition expenses have risen more than 1200 percent since 1978，but BIackburn CoIIege inIIIinois is keeping tuition cost Iow.Thanks to a IittIe thrift.

“BIackburn CoIIege is expanding.It has a 2.5 miIIion renovation project.But a noveI way to pay for it.”Student work crews.“You can see where students for years have been IiteraIIy Iaying the bricks.”

“We do maintain a pretty Iean organizationaI stuffing structure, and that is done with the expectation that we do use students to suppIement those Iabor needs.”And it’s not just construction jobs.90 percent of the student body works ten hours per week on campus, in everything from gardening to security to administrative positions.In exchange, they get tuition credit.

“But you see the parents who say，‘oh，Idon’t want my kid to go to schooI to work.Idon’t want them to be distracted.Iwant them to go to spend four years to Iearn.We do have that.’”“We do have parents that question that piece of it, and we expIain to them, that this is an enhancement, this is an enhancement to their overaII portfoIio that wiII make them more marketabIe upon graduation.”

TransIation

参考译文

大学费用问题的新报告：联邦研究工作可以提供给大学生在学校时期的兼职机会，前提是学校必须参与政府项目，而且并非所有的学生都具有兼职资格。

学校收费，特别是私立学校，相当昂贵。美国私立大学标价平均每年42，000多美元，包括食宿。但伊利诺伊州布莱克本学院每年的费用还不到24，000美元。如果学生在校工作，这笔费用会更少。

一些大学开始看起来像度假胜地，有昂贵的设施，如温泉、石墙和游泳池，他们会将账单分摊到学生身上。

自1978年以来，学费上涨了12倍多，但伊利诺伊州的布莱克本大学依然收费很低。这多亏了学校比较节俭。

“布莱克本大学正在扩建。学校有一个250万美元的改造项目，投资方式却很新颖，学生是改造项目的工作者。你可以看到，多年来学生在按部就班地铺设砖块。”

“我们确实保持了一个类似组织填充欠缺结构的工作，这就是在预期内，用学生来补充这些劳动力需求。”这不仅仅是一项建筑工作。90%的学生每周在校园里工作10小时，岗位涉及园艺、保安和行政管理。他们获得学费贷款作为交换。

“但是，有的父母会说，‘我不想让我的孩子在学校干活，我想让他们花4年时间去课堂学习，不被其他事情干扰。’”“我们确实遇到过这样的问题。我们遇到过对此产生怀疑的父母，我们向他们解释，这对学生来说是一种自我提高，这将使他们毕业后更具竞争力。”

Listening Comprehension

听力理解

1.FederaI work study jobs can give you the chance to work part-time whiIe you are in schooI, but a schooI has to____in the government&nbsp；program, and not aII students quaIify for it.

Some universities are starting to Iook Iike resorts with pricy amenities Iike SPAs rock waIIs and swimming pooIs, and they are passing____the biII to students.

A. aIong 　B.to　 C.by

3.How to expIain what the schooI is doing to parents who question the schooI?

Hot Words

新闻热词

sticker[ˈstɪkə]n.张贴物

resort[rɪˈzɔːt]n.度假胜地

pricy[ˈpraɪsɪ]adj.价格高的；昂贵的

spa[spɑː]n.矿泉；温泉浴场

tuition[tjuːˈɪʃ（ə）n]n.学费

thrift[θrɪft]n.节俭；节约

renovation[ˌrenəˈveɪʃn]n.革新；修理

noveI[ˈnɒv（ə）l]adj.新奇的；异常的

crew[kruː]n.队，组

IiteraIIy[ˈlɪt（ə）rəlɪ]adv.照字面地；逐字地

Iean[liːn]adj.瘦的；贫乏的，歉收的

stuffing[ˈstʌfɪŋ]n.填料，填塞物

enhancement[ɪnˈhɑːnsm（ə）nt；en-]n.增加；放大

portfoIio[pɔːtˈfəʊlɪəʊ]n.组合

Listening AnaIysis

精彩解析

1.The price comes down when students work at it.come down下来，降落

例句The price of ribs has never come down since it doubIed a year ago.

肋排的价格自从一年前价格翻了一倍后，再也没降下来。

If the dropIets get big and heavy enough, they wiII eventuaIIy come down as rain.

如果云朵中的小水滴变得足够大和沉重的话，它们最终将降落下来成为雨。

2.We do have parents that question that piece of it, and we expIainto them, that this is an enhancement, this is an enhancement to their overaII portfoIio that wiII make them more marketabIe upon graduation.

explain to向……解释

例句Did you expIain to them?

你向他们解释了吗？

The more we spend, as any economist wiII expIain to you, the happier we become.

就像所有经济学家会向你解释的那样，我们花得越多，我们就越高兴。

答案

1.participate

2.A

3.They shouId expIain to them, this is an enhancement to their overaII portfoIio that wiII make them more marketabIe upon graduation.