Lesson 2 元音/uː/-/ʊ/ /ɔː/-/ɒ/ /ɪə/-/ɔɪ/ /eə/-/ʊə/
1．元音 /uː/-/ʊ/
（1）原音影视*学发音
（2）国际音标*对对碰
（3）总统演讲*练语调
★/uː/
But all of this cannot come to pass until we bring an end to this war in Iraq. Most of you know—Most of you know I opposed this war from the start. I thought it was a tragic mistake. Today we grieve for the families who have lost loved ones, the hearts that have been broken, and the young lives that could have been. America, it's time to start bringing our troops home. It's time—It's time to admit that no amount of American lives can resolve the political disagreement that lies at the heart of someone else's civil war. That's why I have a plan that will bring our combat troops home by March of 2008. Letting the Iraqis know—Letting the Iraqis know that we will not be there forever is our last, best hope to pressure the Sunni and Shia to come to the table and find peace.
但只有我们结束伊拉克战争，所有的这一切才可能得以实现。你们中的大多数人都知道，我从一开始就反对这场战争。我认为这是一个悲剧性的错误。今天，我们为那些失去亲人的家庭，无数心碎的人们以及那些消逝的年轻生命而感到悲痛。美国人民，撤回我们的军队的时候到了，承认牺牲再多美国人的生命也无法解决由别国内战所引起的政治分歧的时候到了。这就是为什么我构思了一个在2008年3月撤回我们作战部队计划的原因。让伊拉克人民知道，我们不可能永远驻扎在那里，这是我们迫使逊尼和什叶两派回到谈判桌前磋商寻求和平解决途径的最后也是最美好的希望。
★/ʊ/
Now, I don't believe that Senator McCain doesn't care what's going on in the lives of Americans. I just think he doesn't know. Why else would he define middle-class as someone making under five million dollars a year? How else could he propose hundreds of billions in tax breaks for big corporations and oil companies but not one penny of tax relief to more than one hundred million Americans? How else could he offer a health care plan that would actually tax people's benefits, or an education plan that would do nothing to help families pay for college, or a plan that would privatize Social Security and gamble your retirement?
我不相信麦凯恩参议员不关心美国人的生活，我想他只是不知道。否则他怎么会将中产阶级定义为年收入少于500万美元的人呢？否则他怎么会提出了上千亿美元的针对大企业和石油公司的减税计划，却不肯为超过一亿的普通美国大众减免哪怕只是一分钱？否则他怎么会提出实际加重了人民负担的医疗政策？怎么会提出对美国家庭毫无帮助的教育政策？怎么会提出社会保障的私人账户计划，这不是拿你的退休金赌博吗？
2．元音 /ɔː/-/ɒ/
（1）原音影视*学发音
（2）国际音标*对对碰
（3）总统演讲*练语调
★/ɔː/
That's what Abraham Lincoln understood. He had his doubts. He had his defeats. He had his skeptics. He had his setbacks. But through his will and his words, he moved a nation and helped free a people. It is because of the millions who rallied to his cause that we are no longer divided, North and South, slave and free. It is because men and women of every race, from every walk of life, continued to march for freedom long after Lincoln was laid to rest, that today we have the chance to face the challenges of this millennium together, as one people—as Americans.
这就是亚伯拉罕·林肯的信念。林肯有自己的困惑，自己的失败，自己的怀疑，也有自己的挫折。但是，通过他的意志和语言，他推动了整个国家的前进，并协助我们解放了一个民族。正是因为数百万人支持他的事业，所以我们不再分裂，不论南方还是北方，奴隶抑或自由人。正是因为各个种族、各行各业的人们在林肯故去后继续为争取自由而长久地奋斗，今天我们才有机会作为一个民族——美国人民来共同面对新千年的挑战。
★/ɒ/
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, ASU. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you so much. Thank you. Please, thank you very much. Well, thank you. Thank you, President Crow, for that extremely generous introduction, for your inspired leadership, as well, here at ASU. I want to thank the entire ASU community for the honor of attaching my name to a scholarship program that will help open the doors of higher education to students from every background. What a wonderful gift. Thank you. That notion of opening doors of opportunity to everybody; that is the core mission of this school. It's the core mission of my presidency, and I hope this program will serve as a model for universities across this country. So, thank you so much.
感谢，感谢，感谢亚利桑那州州立大学，非常感谢，非常感谢，十分感谢，谢谢，万分感谢。是的，感谢，谢谢克劳校长，为了你极为慷慨的介绍，为了你令人鼓舞的领导。同样，在这里，我想感谢全体亚利桑那州州立大学成员，为了你们把我的名字授予一项奖学金项目的这样一种荣誉，这将会为来自不同背景的学生打开高等教育的大门。多么棒的礼物啊！谢谢！为每一个人开启机会之门，这就是我们学校的核心任务，也是我在担任总统期间的主要使命。我希望这个项目能够作为一个模范传播给全国所有的大学，因此，我要谢谢你们。
3．元音 /ɪə/-/ɔɪ/
（1）原音影视*学发音
（2）国际音标*对对碰
（3）总统演讲*练语调
★/ɪə/
After three years of this work, I went to law school, because I wanted to understand how the law should work for those in need. I became a civil rights lawyer and taught constitutional law, and after a time, I came to understand that our cherished rights of liberty and equality depend on the active participation of an awakened electorate. It was with these ideas in mind that I arrived in this capital city as a State Senator.
我在这个职位上一待就是三年，之后我去了（哈佛）法学院学习，因为我想要弄明白法律是如何为那些需要帮助的人提供服务的。我成了一名民权事务律师，并教授宪法课程。之后不久，我逐渐意识到我们所珍惜的自由与平等的权利依赖于全体选民的觉醒和积极参与。怀着这些想法，我来到了州首府，成为了一名州参议员。
★/ɔɪ/
Most of all, let's be the generation that never forgets what happened on that September day and confront the terrorists with everything we've got. Politics doesn't have to divide us on this anymore; we can work together to keep our country safe. I've worked with Republican Senator Dick Lugar to pass a law that will secure and destroy some of the world's deadliest weapons. We can work together to track down terrorists with a stronger military, we can tighten the net around their finances, and we can improve our intelligence capabilities and finally get homeland security right. But let us also understand that ultimate victory against our enemies will only come by rebuilding our alliances and exporting those ideals that bring hope and opportunity to millions of people around the globe.
最为重要的是，让我们成为永远牢记“9·11”事件，尽一切努力与恐怖分子作斗争的一代。政治分歧不应使我们再在这些问题上存在分歧。我们可以通过共同行动来保卫国家的安全。我已与共和党参议员迪克·卢格一道通过了一项法案，确保销毁世界上某些最具致命性和难以预防的武器。我们能够团结一致，依靠一支更加强大的武装力量抓捕恐怖分子，能够加强网络以断绝他们的资金渠道，提高我们情报机关的能力，最终实现国家安全。但我们也应明白对抗敌人的最终胜利，只能来自于重建我们的联盟，将那些价值观念输出到国外，为世界上数百万的人们带去希望和机遇。
4．元音 /eə/-/ʊə/
（1）原音影视*学发音
（2）国际音标*对对碰
（3）总统演讲*练语调
★/eə/
I'm not talking about blind optimism here—the almost willful ignorance that thinks unemployment will go away if we just don't talk about it, or the health care crisis will solve itself if we just ignore it. That's not what I'm talking about. I'm talking about something more substantial. It's the hope of slaves sitting around a fire singing freedom songs; the hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores; the hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta; the hope of a mill worker's son who dares to defy the odds; the hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him, too.
这并不是说要盲目乐观。以为只要不谈论失业问题，这个问题就会自行消失；认为只要无视医疗危机的存在，它也会烟消云散。那不是我要谈的问题。我所谈的是更为根本的问题。是因为存在希望，奴隶们才会围坐在火堆边，吟唱自由之歌；是因为存在希望，才使得人们愿意远涉重洋，移民他乡；是因为希望，年轻的海军上尉才会在湄公河三角洲勇敢地巡逻放哨；是因为希望，出身工人家庭的孩子才会敢于挑战自己的命运；是因为希望，我这个名字怪怪的瘦小子才相信美国这片热土上也有自己的容身之地。
★/ʊə/
If there is a child on the south side of Chicago who can't read, that matters to me, even if it's not my child. If there is a senior citizen somewhere who can't pay for her prescription drugs, and having to choose between medicine and the rent, that makes my life poorer, even if it's not my grandparent. If there's an Arab American family being rounded up without benefit of an attorney or due process, that threatens my civil liberties.
假如，芝加哥南部的一个孩子无法读书识字，即便他与我非亲非故，我也会心怀忐忑。如果有位老人因无法支付高昂的医疗费用，不得不在治病和租房之间痛苦抉择，即便她与我素未谋面，我也会如坐针毡。假如，一个阿拉伯裔的美国家庭未经律师辩护，或诉讼程序遭受不公正待遇，同样会让我寝食难安。