Unit 4
客观的、公正的
objective[əbˈdʒektIv]★
objective footing客观足迹(C7)
objective law客观规律
disinterested[dIsˈInt(ə)rIstId]
disinterested advice客观的建议
disinterested assistance无私援助
evenghanded[iːv(ə)nˈhændId]
fair[feə]★
fair competition公平竞争
fair share公平分配
impartial[Imˈpɑːʃəl]
be impartial to对……公正无私
impartial justice司法公正
an evenghanded approach to the war on drugs打击毒品斗争中一视同仁的做法
unbiased[ʌnˈbaIəst]
unp rejudiced[ʌnˈpredʒʊdIst]
C4 T3 P3 Q37 填空题
【题 目】A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37．___． 语言学家能够使用语料库对使用频率进行客观评价.
【原 文】A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statement about frequency of usage．语料库使得语言学家能够对 一种用法的频率加以客观陈述.
【答 案】frequency of usage
考点再现 C8 T3 P2 Q20
主观的
subjective[səbˈdʒektIv]★
subjective idealism主观唯心主义
subjective assume主观臆断
personal[ˈpəːsənl]
机经真题Save Endangered Language list of headings
【题 目】ParagraphG
【原 文】One factor that always seems to occur in the demise of a language is that the speakers begin to have collective doubts about the usefulness of language loyalty．在一种语言的消失过程中,我们总能看到一个因素,那就 是母语人士开始集体怀疑语言忠诚度的实用性.
【答 案】ⅷ Subjective doubts as a negative factor作为消极因素的主观怀疑
偏见、歧视
prejudice[ˈpredʒʊdIs]★
Pride and Prejudice«傲慢与偏见»
racial prejudice种族偏见
dis crimination[dIˌskrImIˈneIʃən]★
discrimination in employment就业歧视
bias[ˈbaIəs]★
bias against对……有偏见political bias政治偏见
trade discrimination贸易歧视
C9 T4 P3 Q40 判断题
【题 目】Museums can give a false impression of how life used to be． 关于过去的生活,博物馆可能会给人错误的印象.
【原 文】This notion is induced by the bias in its representation in museums and heritage centres． 这种理解正是由博物馆和历史遗产中心重现历史过程中的偏见所引起的.
【答 案】TRUE
机经真题Intelligence and giftedness 判断题
【题 目】IQ test may probably lead to social discrimination． 智力测试很可能会导致社会歧视.
【原 文】Intelligence testing enforced political and social prejudice． 智力测试增强了政治和社会偏见.
【答 案】TRUE
考点再现
C1 T2 P1 Q2 C6 T3 P1 Q8 C9 T4 P3 Q36
超过、胜过
exceed[Ikˈsiːd]★
Exports yearly exceed imports．每年的输出超过输入.
sur pass[səˈpɑːs]★
One′s abillity and learning surpass the average．才学超群.
outweigh[aʊtˈweI]★
The benefits far outweigh the inconveniences．利远远大于弊.
in excess of[ˈekses]★
Luggage in excess of 20kg is taxed．行李超过20千克要付费.
more than[mɔːðæn]★
The total cost of the project would be more than＄240 million．
项目的总成本会超过2.4亿美元.
excel[Ikˈsel;ekg]★
Academically he began to excel．他开始在学术上超越他人.
transcend[trænˈsend]★
Such matters transcend human understanding．这些事情是人类所无法理解的.
C7 T3 P3 Q32 判断题
【题 目】Forest policy should be limited by national boundaries． 森林政策应该受国界限制.
【原 文】This means that a forest policy is vital, and that it must transcend national frontiers． 这意味着,森林政策至关重要,它必须超越国界.
【答 案】FALSE
C7 T4 P2 Q18 判断题
【题 目】More than 320,000 tonnes of salmon were caught in Alaska in 2000． 在2000年,超过32万吨大马哈鱼在阿拉斯加被捕捞.
【原 文】During 2000, commercial catches of Pacific salmon in Alaska exceeded 320,000tonnes, with an exgvessel value of over＄US 260 million．2000年,阿拉斯加大马哈鱼的商业捕捞量超过32万吨,船边贸易额超过2.6亿美元.
【答 案】TRUE
考点再现
C1 T4 P2 Q22 C7 T4 P2 Q20
有毒的
poisonous[ˈpɒIzənəs]★
poisonous rice有毒大米
poisonous chemical有毒化学物
toxic[ˈtɒksIk]★
toxic reaction毒性反应
toxic material有毒物质
C1 T1 P1 Q9 配对题
【题 目】made using a less poisonous type of phosphorus使用一种毒性小的磷制造
【原 文】Lundstrom′s safety matches were safe because the red phosphorus was nong toxic．Lundstrom的安全火柴很安全, 因为红磷是无毒的.
【答 案】F Lundstrom′s safety match Lundstrom的安全火柴
C7 T2 P2 Q21 判断题
【题 目】One of the costs calculated by Professor Pretty was illness caused by food．Pretty教授所计算出的代价之一是 由食物引发的疾病.
【原 文】￡169m from food poisoning．1.69亿英镑用于食品中毒的治疗.
【答 案】YES
考点再现 C9 T2 P2 Q25
流行的、普遍的
popular[ˈpɒpjʊlə]★
popular music流行音乐
prevailing[prIˈveIlIg]★
a prevailing style流行风格
fashionable[ˈfæʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l]
fashionable dress时装
prevalent[ˈprev(ə)l(ə)nt]★
prevalent trend流行趋势
widesp read[ˈwaIdspred;gˈspred]
widespread application广泛应用
C5 T4 P1 Q6 判断题
【题 目】Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas． 生态脆弱地区全年任何时候均可进行荒野旅游.
【原 文】An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year．这些地区的一个重要特征就是显著的季节性,每年的很多月份都以恶劣的环境为主.
【答 案】FALSE
吸收、消化
absorb[əbˈsɔːb]★
absorb shock吸收震荡
absorb energy吸收能量
suck[sʌk]
suck fresh air吸入新鲜空气
digest[daIˈdʒest; dIg]
Ant can′t digest the cellulose in leaves．(C7 P65填空题考点)
蚂蚁不能消化叶子中的纤维素.
digest new ideas吸收新想法
C7 T2 P1 Q4 判断题
【题 目】The builders of pagodas know how to absorb some of the power produced by severe weather conditions． 日本宝塔的建造者们懂得如何消除极端天气条件所造成的破坏.
【原 文】Clearly, Japanese carpenters of the day knew a few tricks about allowing a building to sway and settle itself rather than fight nature′s forces． 显而易见,当时的日本木匠懂得一些窍门,使建筑物可以顺风摇摆,不与自然力量对抗,而是顺应自然,从而稳稳矗立.
【答 案】TRUE
考点再现 C4 T1 P1 Q2
积聚、聚集、积累
accumulate[əˈkjuːmjəleIt]★
accumulate money for攒钱为了
accumulate wealth积聚财富
gather[ˈgæðə]★
gather data收集数据
gather information搜集信息
amass[əˈmæs]
amass a great fortune积累大量财富
amass army集中陆军
pile[paIl]★
比较整齐地把东西堆积在一起
pile stones堆积石块
collect[kəˈlekt]★
collect stamps集邮
collect data收集资料
assemble[əˈsembl]
component assemble部件装配
assemble information收集情报
put together拼拢,装配
C5 T4 P1 Q9 判断题
【题 目】government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering． 政府的救济对传统的食物采集模式造成的伤害比旅游业对其造成的伤害更大.
【原 文】未提及
C11 T1 P2 Q16判断题
【题 目】The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its components were manufactured． 法尔科克水轮最初在它的部件制作地点进行组装.
【原 文】The various parts of the Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled at Butterley Engineering′s Steelworks Derbyshire． 法尔科克水轮的不同部分都在德比郡巴特利工程炼钢厂制造和组装.
【答 案】TRUE
C9 T4 P1 Q11 填空题
【题 目】Marie Curie saw the importance of collecting radioactive material both for research and for cases of 11． ___． Marie Curie看到了收集放射性物质对于科学研究和治疗疾病的重要性.
【原 文】Marie Curie…need to accumulate intense radioactive sources, not only to treat illness but also maintain an abundant supply forresearch． 她需要大量积累放射资源,不仅是为了满足治病的需求,还要为科学研究提供充足的供应.
【答 案】illness
考点再现 C5 T4 P1 Q9
承认
ac knowledge[əkˈnɒlIdʒ]★
acknowledge the authority of the student council承认学生会的权威
admit[ədˈmI t]★
admit error承认错误
admit one′s guilt认罪
confess[kənˈfes]
confess one′s guilt认罪
confess to god对上帝坦白
concede[kənˈsiːd]
officials concede相关官员承认
concede mistakes承认错误
recognize[ˈrekəɡnaIz]
1．承认 recognize a country′s independ-ence承认国家独立
2．辨认 recognize a word辨认单词
C7 T1 P3 Q37/38 填空题
【题 目】However, Lozanov admits that a certain amount of 37．___is necessary in order to convince students, even if this is just a 38．___． 然而, Lozanov承认,为了说服学生,一定的仪式是必需的,即使这仅仅是一种宽慰.
【原 文】Lozanov acknowledges that the ritual surrounding suggestion in his own system is also a placebo． Lozanov承认,他的体系中围绕暗示所进行的仪式实际上也是种宽慰.
【答 案】F．ritual; H．placebo
行为、行动
action[ˈækʃ(ə)n]★
take action采取行动 out of action失去作用
operation[ɒpəˈreIʃ(ə)n]★
如果动作发出者是医生,译为“手术”;如果是经理,译为“运营”;如果是开飞机、汽车的,译为“操作”,都有“行动,做”的意思.
deed[diːd]
good deeds好事
shameful deed亏心事
act[ækt]
legal act法律行为
criminal act罪行
C5 T2 P3 Q27 配对题
【题 目】Peter Derks belives that humour...Peter Derks认为幽默……
【答 案】D may provide valuable information about the operationof the brain 会提供关于大脑运行的宝贵信息.
【原 文】If we can figure out how the mind processes humour, then we′ll have a pretty good handle on how it works in general．如果我们能够找出思维是如何处理幽默的,我们就能从整体上处理好其运作机制.
考点再现
C2 T3 P2 Q28 C3 T1 P1 Q2 C3 T2 P3 Q33 C5 T4 P1 Q6
使适合、适应
adapt[əˈdæpt]★
adapt to new conditions适应新情况
conform[kənˈfɔːm]
The design conforms with the regulations．设计符合规定.
fit[fIt]
Let the punishment fit the crime．
量刑判罪.
adjust[əˈdʒʌst]★
adjust expenses to income量入为出
suit[suːt]
Will the date suit you?
这个日期对你合适吗?
accommodate to[əˈkɒmədeIt]
accommodate oneself to circumstances随遇而安
C2 T4 P2 Q20 判断题
【题 目】Older readers are having difficulty in adjusting to texts without pictures． 年纪大点的读者很难适应没有图画的文章.
【原 文】As they grow older, many children turn aside from books without pictures． 当他们长大时,许多孩子会将没有图画的书本撇在一边.
【答 案】YES
考点再现 C3 T1 P2 Q25
附加物、增加物
attachment[əˈtætʃm(ə)nt]★
Please check out the attachment for more details．详见附件.
supplement[ˈsʌplIm(ə)nt]★
food supplement食品补充剂 nutritional supplement营养补充品
supplemented by a few incomplete written account(C8 P46填空题出题句)辅之少量不完整的手写记录
accessory[əkˈses(ə)rI]
charging accessory充电配件
standard accessory标准附件
机经文章Agriculture and tourism 填空题
【题 目】Lewis said the project will probably bring extra 11．___for local farmers．Lewis说这个计划可以给当地农民带来 额外收入.
【原 文】The project will help expose farmers to the tourism industry and farm vacations as a way to possibly supplement incomes, Lewisadds．Lewis还说,这个项目将会帮助农民进入到旅游业和农场假期的经营 活动中,成为一种增收的方式.
【答 案】incomes
考点再现 C4 T3 P3 Q28
另外的、额外的
extra[ˈekstrə]★
extra expense额外费用
extra discount额外折扣
additional[əˈdIʃ(ə)n(ə)l]
additional information附加信息
supplementary[ˌsʌplIˈment(ə)rI]★
supplementary lens附加镜头
supplementary income附加收入
additional cost额外费用
C8 T4 P1 12 单选题
【题 目】How do schools deal with students who experience difficulties? 学校如何对待学习有困难的学生?
【答 案】A They are given appropriate supplementary tuition． 给他们适当的课外辅导.
【原 文】Parents help to enable slow learners to keep up with class, sending them to‘Juku’(private evening tuition)if extra help is needed．父母帮助差生跟上班级,如果他们需要额外帮助的话,就会将他们送到“聚 酷”(私立夜校补习班).
考点再现 C11 T2 P1 Q13
尊重、钦佩
admire[ədˈmaIə]★
extremely admire非常钦佩
admire courage令人钦佩的勇气
esteem[Iˈstiːm]
self esteem自尊
esteem him尊敬他
respect[rIˈspekt]★
mutual respect相互尊重
respect character尊重个性
regard[rIˈɡɑːd]
regard for him and what he has achieved钦佩他的为人和成就
C6 T1 P3 Q31 list of headings
【题 目】Paragraph F
【原 文】The Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic．因 纽特人决定在解开北极地区气候变化之谜的过程中发挥关键作用.
【答 案】ⅳ Respect for Inuit opinion grows． 越来越尊重因纽特人的意见.
意见、建议
advice[ədˈvaIs]★
legal advice法律意见
expert advice专家意见
suggestion[səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n]
make a suggestion提出建议
suggestion box意见箱
opinion[əˈpInjən]
opinion leadership意见领袖
proposal[prəˈpəʊz(ə)l]★
rationalization proposal合理化建议
marriage proposal求婚
recommendation[ˌrekəmenˈdeIʃ(ə)n]
service recommendation服务推荐
design recommendation设计建议
public opinion民意
C7 T3 P3 Q40 主旨题干扰项
【答 案】D Proposals for a worldgwide policy on forest management 关于森林管理的全球政策提案
练练看
Match the words in A with the synonyms in B．
A
1．objective
2．prejudice
3．exceed
4．poisonous
5．prevalent
6．absorb
7．accumulate
8．acknowledge
9．action
10．active
11．adapt
12．supplement
13．extra
14．admire
15．advice
B
1．toxic
2．popular
3．vigorous
4．fair
5．digest
6．bias
7．supplementary
8．admit
9．proposal
10．transcend
11．accessory
12．adjust
13．assemble
14．respect
15．operation