Day 10
英文重现
But the idea of bodies of knowledge becoming extinct seems quite as shocking,and it is difficult to see how it can be avoided when they are so inseparably a part of a rare and specialized way of life-a way of life that is now changing.
——SAT 2009年1月题,Section 3
解析
1.“the idea of(sth.)doing sth.”这种表达方式中,“of”连接了前后互为同位语的部分,“of”本身没有意义,在这个结构中“of”前面的名词通常是抽象的,“of”后面的动名词(doing)或动名词复合结构(sth.doing)是其前面抽象名词要表达的内容。本句中,“bodies of knowledge becoming extinct”即为“idea”的内容,也就是说,“观点”的内容就是“不同的知识体系正在消亡”。再比如“Is there any hope of this old father finding his son”这个例子中,“this old father finding his son”是“hope”的同位语,解释说明“希望”的内容。
2.关于代词指代的问题,最可靠的情况是根据上下文推断出来,比如“how it can be avoided”中的“it”指代谁,很难根据我们学过的语法判断出;而根据语境,能被避免的应该是“bodies of knowledge becoming extinct”这件事。而“when they are so inseparably a part of a rare and specialized way of life”中的代词“they”是复数,指代的是“bodies of knowledge”。
3.“specialized”在此意思不是“专业的”,而是“adapted or designed for a particular purpose”,意思是“专用的(为适应某目的或为某目的设计的)”,比如“specialized tools”(专用工具)。
词意辨析
参考翻译
但是,“不同的知识体系正在消亡”这一观点同样令人震惊;并且,当这些知识体系是某种罕见且特定的生活方式——某种正在发生变化的生活方式——不可分割的一部分时,(我们)很难想象该如何避免这种消亡。
实战演练
…Apart from navigation,though,a sea nomad's knowledge of the ocean is scientific in its detail,yet the nomad's gaze is very far from being a scientist's gaze.For one thing,it tends to be holistic,whereas the impression given by today's scientists is one of extreme specialization.
…
Of course,this is not quite the point.The point is not only what will happen if and when stellar navigation becomes a lost art,but who apart from astronomers will remain attentive to the heavens?Who apart from scientists will remain attentive to the sea?Even when it happens before our eyes,it is hard enough to accept that species become extinct.But the idea of bodies of knowledge becoming extinct seems quite as shocking,and it is difficult to see how it can be avoided when they are so inseparably a part of a rare and specialized way of life-a way of life that is now changing.
The author's use of the words“specialization”and“specialized”implies a distinction between____.
(A)a view of science as overly complex and a way of life that is uncomplicated
(B)a belief that scientific advancements are progressive and a way of life that is archaic
(C)an approval of the specificity of science and condemnation of a restrictive way of life
(D)a dismissal of scientific advancements as commonplace and an ambivalence about a specific way of life
(E)disapproval of a too-scientific approach and approval of a particular way of life
答案:E
答案解析
首先,通过“specialization”所在句子中的“whereas”可知,“specialization”是和前面的“holistic”(整体的,全面的)对立的,可以理解为“片面的,局部的”(“specialization”本身的意思是“专业性”,我们每一门专业其实都是一个大的学科的分支,因此研究的是整个学科的局部),加上前面的修饰词“extreme”(极端的)可推测出,作者对科学家的这种“specialization”持否定态度,由此可首先排除选项B“前者相信科学是持续进步的”和选项C“前者赞同科学的具体性”;选项A“前者认为科学太过复杂”显然和“holistic”不对立,也是错误的;选项D“前者对科学进步的不理会”也不对,文中讨论的是了解海洋的两种不同的方法,未提及科学进步;选项E“前者不赞同太过科学的方法”不仅是负面态度,且“太过科学”和“极度的专业性”是对应的,我们再看一下E的后半部分“后者是赞同一种特殊的生活方式”,“specialized”和“particular”是近义词,到此可以确定选项E是正确的。而对于“specialized”的理解,A中的“不复杂的”,B中的“古老的”和C中的“限制的,约束的”在文中都未提及,也和“specialized”明显无关,D中的“ambivalence”错误(SAT中,出现“ambivalence”的选项大部分都是错误的,好的文章中,作者的态度很少会是模棱两可的)。
注:凡是遇到需要考虑“前者……;后者……”的题目,我们可以先用自己比较了解的一者去排除,然后再根据对另一者的理解从剩下的选项中选择,这样既方便选择,也节省时间。