2.22 [47] 景公欲厚葬梁丘据晏子谏

齐景公打算厚葬梁丘据，晏子进谏

【原文】

梁丘据死，景公召晏子而告之，曰：“据忠且爱我，我欲丰厚其葬，高大其垄。”晏子曰：“敢问据之忠与爱于君者，可得闻乎？”公曰：“吾有喜于玩好，有司未能我共也，则据以其所有共我，〔吾〕是以知其忠也；每有风雨，暮夜求〔之〕必存，吾是以知其爱也。”晏子曰：“婴对则为罪，不对则无以事君，敢不对乎！婴闻之，臣专其君，谓之不忠；子专其父，谓之不孝；妻专其夫，谓之（不）嫉。事（父）〔君〕之道，导亲于父兄，有礼于群臣，有惠于百姓，有信于诸侯，谓之忠；为子之道，以钟爱其兄弟，施行于诸父，慈惠于众子，诚信于朋友，谓之孝；为妻之道，使其众妾皆得欢忻于其夫，谓之不嫉。今四封之民，皆君之臣也，而维据尽力以爱君，〔何爱者之少邪〕？〔四封之货〕，〔皆君之有也〕，〔而维据也以其私财忠于君〕，〔何忠者之寡邪〕？〔据之防塞群臣〕，〔壅蔽君〕，〔无乃甚乎〕？”〔公曰〕：“〔善哉〕！〔微子〕，〔寡人不知据之至于是也〕。”〔遂罢为垄之役〕，〔废厚葬之令〕，〔令有司据法而责〕，〔群臣陈过而谏〕。〔故官无废法〕，〔臣无隐忠〕，〔而百姓大说〕。

【今译】

梁丘据去世了，齐景公召见晏子，告诉他说：“梁丘据忠诚而且爱戴我，我打算隆重地安葬他，把他的坟墓修的高大气派。”晏子说：“请问梁丘据对您忠诚和爱戴的表现，可以让我听听吗？”景公说：“我喜欢玩赏的东西，主管的官员不能给我提供的，梁丘据就把他自己的拿来供奉给我，所以我知道他对我的忠诚；或者刮风下雨的夜晚我召见他，他一定会来，所以我知道他爱戴我。”晏子说：“我回答就会得罪您，不回答又是没有侍奉好国君，怎么敢不回答呢！我听说，臣子集中全部精力侍奉君王，叫作不忠；儿子集中全部精力侍奉父亲，叫作不孝；妻子集中全部精力侍奉丈夫，叫作嫉妒。侍奉君王的原则，是要引导君王和父兄亲近，对群臣有礼，对百姓施以恩惠，对诸侯有信誉，这才叫忠诚。做儿子的原则，是要劝导父亲钟爱兄弟，对伯父、叔父施以善行，对所有儿子施以仁爱，对朋友忠诚守信，这才叫孝顺；做妻子的原则，是要让众侍妾都能得到丈夫的欢心，这才叫不嫉妒。现在四方疆域内的百姓，都是您的臣民，而只有梁丘据竭尽全力来爱戴您，为什么爱戴您的人这么少呢？四方疆域内的财货，都归您所有，而只有梁丘据用他的私财来表达对您的忠诚，为什么忠诚的人这么少呢？梁丘据防范群臣、堵塞言路，蒙蔽国君，是不是太严重了呢？”景公说：“对啊！如果不是您这番话，我还不知道梁丘据已经坏到这种地步了。”于是罢去了修造坟墓的劳役，废除了厚葬的命令，下令有关部门根据法律来明确职责，群臣陈述君王的过失而进谏。因此朝廷没有无用的法律，群臣没有隐没的忠诚，百姓们极为高兴。

Liangqiu Ju died. Duke Jing summoned Yanzi and informed him about it,saying: “Ju was bound to me by ties of loyalty and affection. Therefore,I want to give him a rich burial and make his grave mound enormous.”

Yanzi said: “Dare I,my Lord,ask about Ju’s loyalty and love for his ruler? May I hear about it?”

The Duke said: “When there were fine things and precious objects that I fancied and the office in charge of these objects was not able to provide me w ith them,then Ju provided me w ith them out of his own resources. In this I recognized his loyalty. Every time I sought him,whether it was stormy or late at night,he surely stayed by my side. In this I recognized his love.”

Yanzi said: “If I reply to this,I w ill commit an offence. If I do not reply,I w ill have nothing w ith which to serve my ruler. How dare I not reply? I have heard that if a minister monopolizes his ruler,he is called ‘disloyal.’ If a son monopolizes his father,he is called ‘unfilial.’ If a wife monopolizes her husband,she is called ‘jealous.’ The way to serve a ruler is to direct him to uphold close relations w ith his father and elder brothers,to deal w ith his various m inisters according to the rites,and to show generosity toward the people and good faith toward the regional princes. This is called ‘loyalty.’ The w ay to be a son is to love one’s brothers unstintingly,to manifest good conduct among all one’s uncles,and to have a merciful and generous attitude toward all of one’s sons and a sincere and faithful attitude toward one’s friends. This is called ‘filial piety.’ The way to be a w ife is to let all the concubines take pleasure in one’s husband. This is called ‘a lack of jealousy.’ Now,all people w ithin the four borders are your subjects,yet only Ju loved you with all his might. Why,then,do so few people love you? A ll the goods w ithin the four borders belong to you,my Lord,and only Ju expressed his loyalty to you w ith all his personal means; why are so few people loyal to you? In blocking the access of all ministers to you and screening you off,was Ju not going too far?”

The Duke said: “Well argued! Without you,sir,I would have never known how far things had gone w ith Ju.” Thereupon,he rescinded the call for conscript labor to make the grave’s mound,and w ithdrew his order for a lavish burial. He ordered the relevant officers to censure m isbehavior in accordance w ith the law. He ordered the ministers to point out faults and remonstrate w ith him. As a result,no laws were disregarded in the administration,m inisters had no hidden loyalties,and the people were extremely content.