Chapter 07 状语
专题速递
① Mr. Smith went and saw his doctor today.② He visited the doctor once a month. ③ He went there alone this time. ④ He knocked at the door. ⑤ The doctor said,"Come in, please." ⑥ When he came in, the doctor was talking on the phone. ⑦ He didn't wait too long. ⑧ The doctor hung up the phone and sat down across from Mr. Smith. ⑨ They talked for about one hour. ⑩ Then, Mr. Smith decided to go home by car. ⑪ But he found the oil in the tank was not enough for him to return home. ⑫ He had to go to the gas station first.今天史密斯先生去看医生了。他每个月去看一次医生。这次他是一个人去的。他敲了敲门，医生说：“请进。”当他进去的时候，医生正在打电话。他没有等太久。医生挂断电话，坐到了史密斯先生的对面。他们谈了大概一个小时。然后，史密斯先生准备开车回家。但是他发现油箱里的油不够他返回家了。他不得不先去加油站。
第一句是时间副词today作状语；第二句是频度副词once a month作状语；第三句是方式副词alone作状语；第六句是连接副词when引导的从句作状语；第七句是程度副词too long作状语；第八句是介词短语across from Mr. Smith作地点状语；第九句是介词短语for about one hour作时间状语；第十句是介词短语by car作方式状语。
简而言之，作状语的总体上有副词、从句、介词短语和不定式这四种形式。
重点解析1 副词作状语
时间副词
时间副词一般放在句首或句尾；early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾；already、just等一般放在动词的前面。
· I looked forward to meeting you tomorrow.我很期待明天与你的会面。
· With the help of the police, the parents found the lost boy soon.在警方的帮助下，不久这对父母就找到了迷路的孩子。
· Don't forget to reach the stipulated place early.不要忘了早点到达约定地点。
· Because of the heavy rain, the letter reached him a day late.因为大雨，这封信他晚收到了一天。
· We got to the airport at 10 am.我们上午十点到达了机场。
频度副词
（1）频度副词的位置
频度副词一般放在be动词之后或者行为动词之前，但sometimes、often、once等还可以放在句首或句尾，usually可放在句首，twice、three times等一般放在句尾。
· Sometimes I go to the park with my friends.有时我会跟朋友们一起去公园。
· The students usually go to school by school bus.学生通常坐校车去学校。
· The doctor said, "Take this medicine three times a day."医生说：“这种药一天吃三次。”
· We often have meals in that restaurant.我们经常在那家餐馆吃饭。
（2）频度副词列表
方式副词
（1）方式副词一般放在行为动词之后，suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前
· You must get there as quickly as you can.你必须尽快到那儿。
· Suddenly a cat rushed out from the grass.突然，一只猫从草丛中冲了出来。
· I cannot hear you clearly, so please speak loudly.我听不清你说话，所以请说大声点。
· The girl sings nicely.这个女孩唱歌很好听。
· He looked at her happily.他很开心地看着她。
（2）方式副词列表
地点副词
（1）地点副词一般放在句尾，但here、there还可放在句首
· You can see many different kinds of animals there.在那里，你可以看到许多不同种类的动物。
· The little girl looked around.这个小女孩四处张望。
· They had a sports meeting here yesterday.他们昨天在这举办了一场运动会。
· She closed the door and went upstairs.她关上了门，上楼去了。
（2）地点副词列表
疑问副词
疑问副词when、where、why、how等对句子的状语进行提问，位置总是在句首。
· When and where will you meet?你们将在何时何地会面?
· Why did you come here last week?你上个星期为什么来这儿?
· How about your parents?你的父母还好吗？
· Why are you so late?你为什么这么晚？
· Where did you meet the man?你在哪儿见到了这个人？
程度副词
（1）程度副词主要修饰形容词、副词或动词，且一般用在被修饰词之前
· She played the piano very well. (修饰副词) 她钢琴弹得非常好。
· The man badly hurt in this traffic accident. (修饰动词) 这个人在这次交通事故中伤的很重。
· I was absolutely terrified at that time. (修饰形容词) 那时我真的是吓坏了。
· He was terribly upset by the break-up with her. (修饰形容词) 和她分手使他极度苦恼。
· He likes exhibiting himself, especially to his friends. (修饰介词短语) 他喜欢表现自己，尤其是在朋友面前。
· He studies very hard. (修饰副词) 他学习非常努力。
（2）程度副词列表
（3）常见程度副词的具体用法
① very 可修饰形容词和副词的原级和除most之外的最高级以及完全形容词化的现在分词或过去分词
· The answer is very right. (句子错误，very不能修饰不分等级的形容词)
— The answer is quite / pretty right.（√）这个答案相当正确。
· The car is very cheaper. (句子错误，very不能修饰形容词比较级)
— The car is very cheap.（√）这辆车很便宜。
· The car is the very cheapest one in our shop. (very有时可放在定冠词之后，用来修饰最高级)这辆车是我们店里最便宜的一辆。
· He was very asleep in the bed. (句子错误，very不能修饰某些以a-开头的表语形容词)
— He was already asleep in the bed.（√）他在床上已经睡着了。
· I very like the present which you sent me. (句子错误，very不能修饰like)
— I like the present, which you sent me very much.（√）我非常喜欢你送我的礼物。
② enough 修饰形容词、副词，但必须放在所修饰词的后面，常与介词for或不定式连用
· The policeman ran fast enough to catch the thief. (enough与不定式连用)警察跑得足够快，追上了小偷。
· You are old enough to leave home. (enough与不定式连用) 你大了，是时候离开家了。
· The apple is not ripe enough. (enough修饰形容词) 苹果还没熟透。
· The worker worked hard enough. (enough修饰副词) 这个工人工作十分努力。
③ much修饰动词、介词短语、分词以及形容词或副词的比较级
· I don't like cats much. (much修饰动词时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中) 我不是很喜欢猫。
· Much to my surprise, he didn't pass the exam. (much修饰介词短语) 让我大为吃惊的是，他没有通过考试。
· I was much surprised at that he didn't pass the exam. (much修饰分词) 他没有通过考试，这让我非常吃惊。
· I can't bear you for much longer. (much修饰形容词比较级) 我忍受不了你更长时间了。
· I felt much better after a sleep. (much修饰副词比较级) 睡了一觉之后，我感觉好多了。
· The price of this house is much too high. (much修饰副词too) 这个房子的价格太高了。
语法补遗
★“much too”与“too much”的区别：“much too”的中心词是“too”，后面跟形容词或副词，意思是“非常，太”，相当于副词用法；“too much”的中心词是“much”，后面跟不可数名词，意思是“太多的……”，相当于形容词用法。
· The weather is much too hot.天气太热了。
· There is too much money in the little child's pocket.这个小孩口袋里的钱太多了。
· I shouldn't eat too much sweet.我不应该吃那么多的甜品。
关系副词
关系副词用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。
· This is the room where you live tonight.这就是你今晚住的房间。
· This is the place where she first met her husband.这是她第一次见到她丈夫的地方。
· He still remembers the day when he met her.他依旧记得见到她的那一天。
· Can you tell me the reason why you gave it to him?你能告诉我你把它送给他的原因吗？
· I will wait for you at the place where we first dated.我将在我们第一次约会的地方等你。
其他副词
副词too“也”，经常用在句尾；also“也”经常放在动词前；either “也不”，放在句尾；nor“也不”，常放在句首或句中；so“如此，这样”，放在形容词、副词前；certainly放在句首或动词之前。
· He went to the library and I went there, too.他去了图书馆，我也去了。
· She gave the poor man some food and she also gave him some money.她给了这个可怜的人一些食物，也给了他一些钱。
· Either you go there, or I will.要么你去那，要么我去。
· The little baby can neither walk nor speak.这个小婴儿不会走路也不会讲话。
· The girl is so beautiful.这个女孩是如此的漂亮。
· You could certainly work out the problem.你们肯定能解决这个问题。
重点解析2 介词短语作状语
介词短语作地点状语
· We have lived in this city for ten years.我们已经在这座城市住了十年。
· The bird is singing in the tree.鸟站在树上唱歌。
· The dog lied near the door.这条狗躺在门的旁边。
· The building can't be built under the hill.建筑不能建在山脚下。
· Don't play near the river.不要在河边玩。
· On the opposite of the road is a supermarket.马路的对面是一个大超市。
介词短语作时间状语
· She will go back at night.她将在晚上回来。
· No one can know what would happen in the future.没人会知道将来会发生什么。
· On weekends, I like staying at home.周末，我喜欢待在家里。
· He gave a present to her on her birthday.在她的生日那天，他送了她一件礼物。
· The palace was built in 1750s.这座宫殿是在18世纪50年代建造的。
介词短语作方式状语
引导方式状语的介词常用的有：by、in、like、on、over、through、with等。
· They usually went there by car.他们经常开车去那儿。
· In the past, people often went out on foot.在过去，人们经常步行出门。
· He made money by means of recycling rubbish.他通过回收垃圾挣钱。
· If you want to go there, you must go by ship.如果你想去那儿，你就必须坐船。
· The success must be obtained by your own effort.成功必须通过自己的努力获得。
· Go across a street and turn left; you will find a white house.穿过这条街向左转，你会发现一座白色的房子。
介词短语作原因状语
· The sports meeting was delayed because of rain.因为下雨，运动会被推迟了。
· Because of the sickness, he could not present this meeting.因为生病，他不能出席这次会议了。
· Thanks to you help, I had passed the exam.多亏你的帮助，我通过了考试。
· By reason of the bad weather, our appointment had been cancelled.由于坏天气，我们的会面取消了。
· We have to change our plan in view of the fact.考虑到现实问题，我们不得不改变我们的计划。
· The plane is overdue due to the heavy snow.由于大雪，飞机晚点了。
介词短语作条件状语
· All the livings cannot live without water.所有的生命没有水都活不了。
· But for your reminder, I would have made a big mistake.要不是你的提醒，我会犯大错误。
· Steven will not go out except to work.史蒂文除了上班就不会出门。
介词短语作目的状语
· In order to make it safe, please turn off the power before you leave out.为了安全起见，在你离开之前请关闭电源。
· He installed a new security door in case of theft.为了防盗，他安装了一扇新的防盗门。
· They decorated the church with flowers and balloons in preparation for the wedding.为了准备婚礼，他们用鲜花和气球装饰教堂。
· He works hard with the purpose of getting promotion.为了升职，他工作很努力。
介词短语作让步状语
· In spite of her malaise, she still presented at the meeting.虽然她不舒服，但她还是出席了会议。
· The poor boy still keeps his kind nature in face of the big misfortune.尽管这个可怜的男孩遭遇了巨大的不幸，他依然保持善良的本性。
· We would overcome them in despite of difficulties we might ran into.不管碰到什么困难，我们都会克服。
· Regardless of the heavy rain, he rushed out to find his dog.尽管下着大雨，他还是冲出去找他的狗了。
介词短语作程度状语
· We can't see to what extent he had changed.我们看不出他有多大程度的改变。
· To a certain degree, he is really a coward.在一定程度上，他真的是一个胆小鬼。
· He was tired like a dog.他累得像条狗。
· The boy escaped from the spot, running like a rabbit.这个男孩逃离了现场，跑得像兔子一样。
重点解析3 不定式作状语
不定式作目的状语
不定式作目的状语时，to经常放在名词的后面，动词的前面。
· I come here to say sorry to you.我是来向你道歉的。
· Let's go to market to buy a present for her.我们去商店给她买礼物吧。
· He went to cinema to see a film with his girl friend.他和他女朋友一起去影院看了场电影。
· He wore a coat to keep warm.他穿了一件大衣来保暖。
· Please open the door to let me in.请打开门让我进来。
· To get a healthy body, we must often take exercise.为了身体健康，我们必须经常做锻炼。
不定式作结果状语
· I hurried to the bus stop only to find the bus had gone.我急急忙忙赶到车站，结果却发现车已经开走了。
· I am a fool as to believe you again.我又相信了你真是傻瓜。
· The luggage is too much for me to carry.行李太多，我拿不了。
· The teacher must speak loudly to be heard clearly.老师必须大声讲话才能让学生听清楚。
不定式作原因状语
不定式作原因状语主要用于表示情绪的分词化形容词或表语形容词，常见的有：glad、happy、sorry、sad、worried、pleased、surprised、shocked、terrified、frightened等。
· I'm glad to hear that you are coming tomorrow.听说你明天要回来，我很高兴。
· I was surprised to meet him here.在这儿遇到他我很吃惊。
· He was worried to be told that his child was not at school.得知孩子不在学校他很担心。
· I am pleased to be invited to her party.我因被邀请参加她的聚会而高兴。
