语言知识部分
一、题型简介
本部分是多项选择题,共20道题,每题有四个选择项。题目中约50%为词汇、词组和短语用法题,其余为语法和句法题。本部分主要测试考生掌握词汇、短语及基本语法、句法概念的熟练程度。
二、大纲分析
根据新的《英语专业四级考试大纲》,此部分由原来的“语法与词汇”改为“语言知识”,题目数量由原来的30题改为20题,分值从原来的15分调整为20分,考试时间由原来的15分钟调整为10分钟,考查的知识点基本保持一致。虽然每道题预设完成的时间与之前相当,但每道题的分值从以前的0.5分增加到1分,分值比重的调整无疑压缩了考生犯错的空间,无形中增加了考生的心理压力,增加了考试的难度。
三、解题技巧
下表为英语专业四级考试(2010——2017)真题语法部分知识点分布情况:
(一)近五年来几乎每年都会考查主谓一致:
1.The audience_____excited on seeing_____favorite star glide onto the stage.(2016年第18题)
A.were...their
B.were...its
C.was...their
D.was...one’s
答案:A
本题考查集体名词(collective noun)。通常作复数的集体名词有:police,people,cattle,militia,poultry,vermin;通常作不可数名词的集体名词有:foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise;既可作单数又可作复数的集体名词有:audience,committee,crew,public,family等,若集体名词强调整体,动词用单数,若集体名词强调组成集体的成员,则动词用复数。此处强调每一个观众都欣喜若狂,动词用were,代词用their,故选A。
2.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?(2015年第53题)
A.Five miles seem like a long walk to me.
B.Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.
C.Either my sister or my brother is coming.
D.Only one out of six were present at the meeting.
答案:A
B选项ten dollars被看作一个整体,动词用单数;C选项either...or...遵循就近原则,brother后用单数;D选项,在one out of+复数名词或者one in+复数名词的结构中,正式语体动词用单数,非正式语体可遵循就近原则用复数,此处是看作非正式语体;A选项fve miles应看作整体概念,谓语动词应为单数seems,故选A。
3.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?(2014年第54题)
A.Physics is an important school subject.
B.The United States borders Canada.
C.The Niagara Falls is in North America.
D.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
答案:C
本题四个选项均为以-s结尾的名词。A选项,以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics,optics,mathematics,linguistics等通常用单数;B选项,以-s结尾的国名如United States,the United Nations,the Netherlands等通常用单数;D选项,以-s结尾的疾病名称如mumps,arthritis,diabetes等通常用单数;C选项,以-s结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称用复数,此处为尼亚加拉大瀑布,动词应为复数,故选C。
(二)近年来英语专业四级考试主要考查双重所有格的用法和名词属格的关系:
4.I can’t put up with_____.(2016年第15题)
A.that friend of you
B.that friend of yours
C.the friend of you
D.the friend of yours
答案:B
本题考查双重所有格,带有独立属格的of-词组叫做双重所有格,其中独立属格在of-词组中作介词补足语。只有yours名词性物主代词可以作独立属格,you人称代词不可作独立属格,故排除A和C选项。双重属格所修饰的名词可带a,any,some等表示非确定特指的限定词,但不带定冠词the,故排除D。双重属格修饰的名词还可以和this,that等指示限定词连用,表示爱憎褒贬等感情色彩,题干“我真的无法忍受你的那个朋友”含有不满的情绪,故选B。
5.Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship?(2014年第57题)
A.He was readingMary’s letter in the room.
B.You can buymen’s shoes in this shop.
C.Mrs.Blake’s passport was lost.
D.The enemy’s defeat brought the war to an end.
答案:D
A选项“玛丽的来信”表示来源,等同于a letter from Mary;B选项“男士皮鞋”表示类别,等同于shoes for men;C选项“布莱克夫人的护照”是所有关系;D选项“敌军的战败”,等于to defeat the enemy,是动宾关系,故选D。
6.Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?(2013年第60题)
A.The arrival of the tourists.
B.The law of Newton.
C.The occupation of the island.
D.The plays of Oscar Wilde.
答案:A
B选项“牛顿定律”表示来源,相当于the law developed by Newton;C选项“占领岛屿”表示动宾关系,相当于to occupy the island;D选项“王尔德的戏剧”表示来源,相当于theplays written by Oscar Wilde;A选项“游客们的到来”表示主谓关系,相当于the tourists arrive,故选A。
(三)近年来英语专业四级考试主要考查限定词与名词的搭配关系,以及限定词的顺序问题:
限定词与名词的搭配关系详见下表:
限定词顺序表:
7.Which of the following is INCORRECT?(2015年第62题)
A.A bit offlowers.
B.Few words.
C.This work.
D.Another two girls.
答案:A
根据限定词与名词的搭配关系表,a bit of只能修饰不可数名词,不能修饰可数名词复数flowers,故选A。
8.The following determiners can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT_____.(2013年第55题)
A.many
B.enough
C.more
D.such
答案:A
根据限定词与名词的搭配关系表,many只能用于修饰可数名词复数,不能用于修饰不可数名词,故选A。
9.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?(2010年第62题)
A.All his lectures are very interesting.
B.Half their savings were gone.
C.Many his friends came to the party.
D.Both his sisters are nurses.
答案:C
根据限定词顺序表,many为后位限定词,his为中位限定词,顺序颠倒,故选C。
(四)近年来英语专业四级考试主要考查代词的指代和反身代词的用法:
10.When one has good health,_____should feel fortunate.(2015年第64题)
A.you
B.she
C.he
D.we
答案:C
英语中有一类通性名词,如baby,child,teacher,parent等,既可表示男性,也可表示女性。当这类名词以其单数形式表示类指时,通常用阳性代词来指代,故选C。
11.Which of the following reflexive pronouns is used as an object?(2014年第60题)
A.I spoke to the president himself.
B.Frank is not quite himself today.
C.Linda herself will play the violin.
D.You must pull yourself together.
答案:D
A选项中的反身代词himself作the president的同位语;B选项中的himself作be动词的表语;C选项中的herself作Linda的同位语;D选项中的yourself作pull的宾语,故选D。
(五)近年来英语专业四级考试对时态的考查主要集中于将来时间表达法:
12.Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?(2015年第54题)
A.My friendteaches chemistry in a school.
B.I’ll give it to you after Ireturn.
C.Whatis the matter with you?
D.Londonstands on the River Thames.
答案:B
用一般现在时表示将来时间可见于以下三种情况,首先常见于时间状语从句和条件状语从句,如:If she comes,I’ll tell her all about it./I will call you as soon as I get back home.其次一般现在时还可以表示按照时间表或者既定日程一定会发生的将来事态,如:It is Sunday tomorrow./The train leaves at eight o’clock this morning.再有,在I hope that,bet that,see(to it)that,make sure that,make certain that等句型中常用一般现在时表将来,如:I hope you enjoy the party this evening./I bet it rains tomorrow./I will make sure that you don’t get lost.所以只有B选项中的一般现在时在时间状语从句中表将来。
13.Which of the following sentences expresses a future action?(2014年第52题)
A.Lucy is continually fnding fault with her sister.
B.We are meeting the visitors after the performance.
C.The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge.
D.I’m hoping that you’ll give us some advice.
答案:B
用现在进行时表示将来时间,通常都是按照计划安排近期内即将发生的动作,如:The British Prime Minister is visiting China next week.A选项表示近段时间经常发生的动作,与always,continually,constantly等连用表示赞扬或者批评。C选项表示目前正在发生的动作。D选项I’m hoping/I’m wondering表示婉转语气。只有B选项表示按照计划即将发生的动作,故为正确答案。
14.How can I concentrate if you_____continually_____me with silly questions?(2016年第11题)
A.have...interrupted
B.are...interrupted
C.had...interrupting
D.were...interrupting
答案:A
从主句动词can判断动作发生在现在,只有A选项have interrupted现在完成时可以用于现在时间,表明对方一直问些愚蠢问题这一行为对说话人产生的影响,使其无法集中注意力。事实上,本题的最佳答案为are interrupting,现在进行时常与always,continually,constantly,for ever等频度副词连用,对现阶段经常发生的动作表示某种感情色彩,例如:You are continually fnding fault with me,表明说话人对对方近段时间一直找茬的不满情绪。
15.All the following sentences defnitely indicate future time EXCEPT_____.(2013年第58题)
A.Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.
B.The school pupils will be home by now.
C.The President is coming to the UN next week.
D.He is going to email me the necessary information.
答案:B
A选项be to do结构用于表示按照计划安排即将发生的动作,如:I am to have an interview this afternoon.或者在报纸和广播上用以宣布官方的计划或决定,如:The Prime Minister is to speak on television tonight.C选项用现在进行时表示按照计划安排近期内即将发生的动作,常用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位移的动词,可与A选项互换。D选项be going to do结构是典型的表示将来时间的结构。只有B选项中的will是表示可能性较大的推测。
(六)虚拟语气是英语专业四级考试每年必考的语法点,主要考查以下三类虚拟语气:if引导的非真实条件句中的虚拟语气;should型虚拟语气;wish,would rather等引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
16._____your advice,I would have made the wrong decision.(2016年第19题)
A.Hadn’t it been for
B.Had it not been for
C.Had it been for
D.Had not it been for
答案:B
题干意为“要不是你的建议,我早就做了错误的决定”,是非常典型的if虚拟句。从主句would have made判断此句是对过去的虚拟,从句应为if it had not been for your advice,省略if,had提前,正确答案为had it not been for your advice,故选B。
17.If it_____tomorrow,the match would be put off.(2013年第63题)
A.was to rain
B.were to rain
C.was raining
D.had rained
答案:B
本题是由if引导的非真实条件句,从tomorrow得知是对将来的虚拟,从句形式为were to do,should do或者动词的过去式,故选B。
18.It is essential that he_____all the facts frst.(2014年第51题)
A.is examining
B.will examine
C.examines
D.examine
答案:D
在advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,ftting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中,要用should+do虚拟语气。本题应为should examine,should可省略,故选D。
19.My boss ordered that the legal documents to him before lunch_____.(2012年第54题)
A.be sent
B.were sent
C.were to be sent
D.must be sent
答案:A
在decide,decree,demand,insist,move(提议),order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote等动词后面的宾语从句中,要用should+do虚拟语气。本题应为should be sent,省略should,故选A。
20.The sentenceI wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speaker’s_____.(2016年第20题)
A.hope
B.joy
C.regret
D.relief
答案:C
题干是wish引导的宾语从句,had been表明是对过去的虚拟,意为“我真希望我过去在花钱方面更谨慎一些”,可见说话者过去花钱大手大脚或者没有计划,对此非常的后悔,故选C。
21.It’s getting late.I’d rather you_____.(2011年第61题)
A.left
B.leave
C.are leaving
D.will leave
答案:A
would rather后面的宾语从句需要用虚拟语气,用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表过去的愿望,根据句意“天色已晚,我宁愿你现在就出发”是对现在的虚拟,应用一般过去时you left,故选A。
(七)情态动词是英语专业四级考试必考的语法点,既考查推测性用法,也考查情态动词本身的含义,详见下表:
(《新编英语语法教程》:章振邦主编)
22.Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?(2015年第63题)
A.Whatwill you do when you graduate?
B.Theywill be home by now.
C.Whowill go with me?
D.Whywill you go there alone?
答案:B
情态动词will主要有以下三种用法:1.表示意愿(willingness),即愿意做某事,如I will lend you the money if you need it;2.表示打算(intention),即打算做某事,如I will write to her tomorrow.=I am going to write to her tomorrow;3.表示决心(determination),即坚持要做某事,如I will take the job and no one is going to stop me.所以A选项“你毕业之后打算做什么”是表示intention,这里也可看作willingness;C选项“谁愿意跟我一起去”和D选项“为什么你愿意独自去那儿”均表willingness;只有B选项“他们现在肯定到家了”是推测性用法,且可能性很大。
23.When the sentence“Shall I drive you to the airport frst?”is turned into indirect speech,which of the following is most appropriate?(2014年第65题)
A.He agreed to drive me to the airport frst.
B.He offered to drive me to the airport frst.
C.He advised me to go to the airport frst.
D.He suggested that I drive to the airport frst.
答案:B
题干中的情态动词shall表示主动提出建议,意为“我先把你送到机场,如何?”。A选项“他同意先送我到机场”与shall主动提出的含义不符;C选项“他建议我先去机场”和D选项“他建议我先开车去机场”,均与题干“他开车送我去机场”意思不符。故选B。
24.Among the four sentences below,Sentence_____expresses the highest degree of possibility.(2016年第12题)
A.It may take a long time to fnd a solution to the problem.
B.It might take a long time to fnd a solution to the problem.
C.It could take a long time to fnd a solution to the problem.
D.It should take a long time to fnd a solution to the problem.
答案:D
从句意“可能要花很长时间才能找到解决方案”判断本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。能作推测性用法的情态动词共有九个,按照可能性程度的高低可分为三档:第一档是表示“可能”的might/may/could/can,第二档是表示“很有可能”的should/ought to/would/will,第三档是表示“最有可能”的must。故答案选D。
25.Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY?(2014年第55题)
A.The mooncannot always be at the full.
B.Youcannot smoke inside the building.
C.Hecannot come today.
D.Shecannot play the piano.
答案:A
情态动词cannot可以表达以下含义:1.表示能力,相当于will not be able to,如C选项“他今天来不了”和D选项“她不会弹钢琴”均表示没有能力做某事;2.表示许可,相当于be not allowed to,如B选项“你不能在楼里吸烟”,隐含了说话人的命令语气。所有只有A选项“月亮不可能总是圆的”表示可能性,是情态动词表推测的用法。
(八)非谓语动词是英语专业四级考试必考的语法点,近年来主要考查不定式作定语时与所修饰名词的关系问题;动名词的复合结构;分词作状语或宾语补足语等。
26.Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?(2015年第60题)
A.The man has a large familyto support.
B.She had no wishto quarrel with her brother.
C.He was the last guestto leave.
D.Mary needs a friendto talk to.
答案:C
本题四个选项均为不定式作名词的后置定语,不定式与名词的搭配关系各有不同。A选项“这个男人有个大家庭要养”意为to support a family,D选项“玛丽需要一个能够交谈的朋友”意为to talk to a friend,均为动宾关系;B选项“她无意与兄弟争吵”,wish和quarrel with her brother是同位语关系;C选项“他是最后离开的宾客”,是主谓关系,故选C。
27.Which of the following italicized parts serve as an appositive?(2013年第61题)
A.He is not the manto draw back.
B.Larry has a large familyto support.
C.Tony hit back the urgeto tell a lie.
D.There is really nothingto fear.
答案:C
A选项the man to draw back是主谓关系;B选项a family to support和D选项nothing to fear是动宾关系;C选项the urge和to tell a lie是同位语关系,故选C。
28.This is one of the issues that deserve_____.(2016年第17题)
A.being mentioned
B.mentioning
C.to mention
D.for mention
答案:B
在need,want,require,deserve等动词之后,可用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,如Theletter needs signing by the manager.=The letter needs to be signed by the manager.根据句意“这是值得被提及的议题之一”,故选B。
29.Please pardon_____you.(2014年第58题)
A.my disturbing
B.disturbing
C.me to disturb
D.that I disturb
答案:A
pardon要求跟动名词作宾语,但根据句意“请原谅我打扰你了”,disturb的逻辑主语是我,可以用形容词性物主代词my,也可以用人称代词宾格me,故选A。要求跟动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can’t help,can’t resist,can’t stand,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,ensure,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitate,fancy,favor,imagine,mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,resent,risk等。
30.Which of the italicized parts functions as an object?(2012年第58题)
A.He doesn’t like the ideaof my speaking at the meeting.
B.It is no useyour pretending not to know the matter.
C.My parents strongly object tomy going out alone at night.
D.Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.
答案:C
本题考查动名词作句子成分。A选项动名词作宾语补足语;B选项it是形式主语,动名词是句子真正的主语;D选项动名词作主语;C选项动名词作object to的宾语,故选C。
31.There_____nothing more for discussion,the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(2015年第65题)
A.to be
B.to have been
C.being
D.be
答案:C
根据句意“因为没有什么更多供讨论的东西,会议在半个小时前就结束了”可知,前半句应用分词作原因状语,但分词的逻辑主语与主句主语the meeting不一致,考查的是典型的独立主格,应为there being,故选C。
32.Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?(2014年第53题)
A.The front door remainedlocked.
B.The boy lookeddisappointed.
C.Nanct appearedworried.
D.He seemed to have no moneyleft.
答案:D
过去分词在remain,look,appear等连系动词后面充当表语,构成系表结构;有的语法书将系动词后面的形容词或分词视为主语补足语。而D选项中的left充当money的宾语补足语,故选D。注意,分词充当宾语补足语只有doing,done,being done三种形式。
(九)比较结构是英语专业四级考试常考的语法点:
33.She is a better speaker than_____in the class.(2016年第13题)
A.any boy
B.the other boys
C.other any girl
D.all the girls
答案:A
比较结构表示最高级有以下两种表达法:...than any other单数名词,或者...than the other复数名词,但要注意other表示比较结构前后比较项要一致,故“她是班上最好的演说家”可以这样表达:She is a better speaker than any other girl in the class,或者She is a better speaker than the other girls in the class.B选项she不属于the other boys,比较项不一致,应为the other girls;C选项中位限定词any和后位限定词other顺序颠倒,应为any other girl;D选项she包含在all the girls之中。故选A。
34.Mary is_____hardworking than her sister,but she failed in the exam.(2015年第52题)
A.no so
B.no more
C.not less
D.no less
答案:D
no+比较级+than表示比较结构前后两者“都不……”,根据句意“玛丽跟她姐姐一样努力,却没有通过考试”,选D。
35.It is not so much the language_____the cultural background that makes the flm diffcult to understand.(2015年第55题)
A.but
B.nor
C.like
D.as
答案:D
not so much…as…结构表示“与其说……不如说……”,根据句意“与其说是语言,倒不如说是文化背景让这部电影很难理解”,选D。此外句子还可以这样表达:It is not the language so much as the cultural background that makes the flm diffcult to understand.
(十)虽然英语专业四级考试近五年没有考查介词和介词短语,但2012年就考查过两道相关题目,考生应重视:
36.Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial?(2012年第62题)
A.Are you sureof Simon’s disappearance?
B.The manwith a beard is talking to the manage.
C.Every precaution was takenagainst the failure of the plan.
D.Despite the rain,everyone enjoyed the trip.
答案:D
A选项介词短语作表语;B选项介词短语作后置定语;C选项介词短语作主语补足语;D选项介词短语作让步状语,故选D。
37.Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concession?(2012年第64题)
A.They used the box for keeping treasures.
B.I stepped aside for her to get in frst.
C.For all that he seems to dislike me,I still like him.
D.The parents bought a birthday cake for their son.
答案:C
A选项介词短语for keeping treasures作目的状语,表用途;B选项中的for her和D选项中的for their son均表示对象;C选项中介词短语作让步状语,意为“尽管他似乎不怎么喜欢我,但我仍然喜欢他”,故选C。
(十一)近年英语专业四级考试语法常考反意疑问句:
38.Nobody heard him sing,_____?(2016年第14题)
A.did one
B.did he
C.didn’t they
D.did they
答案:B
主句nobody是否定概念,heard说明句子是一般过去时,那么反意疑问句应为表示肯定的助动词did,用代词he来指代nobody,故选B。
39.When you have fnished with that book,don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,_____?(2015年第51题)
A.will you
B.do you
C.don’t you
D.won’t you
答案:A
陈述部分若为肯定式的祈使句,反意疑问部分可用will you/won’t you/would you,但陈述部分为否定式的祈使句,反意疑问句部分就只能用will you。题干don’t forget to put it back on the shelf(别忘了把书放回书架)为否定式的祈使句,只能用will you作反意疑问句,故选A。
40.Which of the following tag questions is INCORRECT?(2014年第59题)
A.Carry this parcel for me,will you?
B.Nobody wants to go there,does he?
C.Few people know him,don’t they?
D.Everything is ready,isn’t it?
答案:C
A选项陈述部分为祈使句,反意疑问部分用will you/won’t you/would you均可;B选项陈述部分是nobody,everybody等不定代词时,反意疑问部分用he指代,由于前面是否定概念,所以疑问部分用肯定的does he;D选项陈述部分是everything,nothing等不定代词时,疑问部分用it指代,由于前面是肯定概念,所以疑问部分用isn’t it;C选项陈述部分few为否定概念,疑问部分应为肯定的do they,故选C。
(十二)近年英语专业四级考试考查过同位语从句、主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句:
41.There is no doubt_____the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.(2015年第56题)
A.why
B.that
C.whether
D.when
答案:B
根据句意“毫无疑问,委员会在安居工程上做出了正确的决定”,no doubt与后面的从句构成同位语,用that来引导同位语从句,故选B。
42.The research team can handle_____needs to be handled.(2014年第61题)
A.whenever
B.whichever
C.wherever
D.whatever
答案:D
根据句意“研究小组能够处理任何需要处理的问题”可知,handle后面接宾语从句,此宾语从句中缺少主语,应用whatever来引导,故选D。
43.Which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?(2012年第57题)
A.We never doubtthat her brother is honest.
B.The problem is notwho will go but who will stay.
C.You must give it back towhoever it belongs to.
D.It is clearthat the crime was done deliberately.
答案:D
A选项中斜体部分为doubt的宾语从句;B选项斜体部分为be动词后的表语从句;C选项斜体部分为to后的介词宾语从句;D选项斜体部分为主语从句,it为形式主语,故选D。
(十三)近年来专业英语四级考试主要考查as引导的状语从句用法及意义:
44.Fool_____Michael is,he could not have done such a thing.(2014年第64题)
A.as
B.who
C.that
D.like
答案:A
根据句意“尽管麦克很傻,他也不可能做出这样的事儿”可知,分句部分应为as引导的让步状语从句,而且as引导的让步状语从句要求将作表语的形容词或名词(常省略冠词)提前构成倒装,故选A。
45.Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?(2012年第61题)
A.I got a job as soon as I left university.
B.As there was no answer,I wrote again.
C.You must do the exercise as I show you.
D.Wealthy as he is,Mark is not a happy man.
答案:B
A选项中的as soon as引导时间状语从句;C选项中的as引导方式状语从句;D选项中的as引导让步状语从句;B选项中的as引导原因状语从句,故选B。
(十四)英语专业四级词汇部分的考点主要涉及词汇的辨析和词组的搭配。词汇辨析主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词的辨析,包括形近近义词、形近异义词、异形近义词和异形异义词的辨析;词组的搭配主要考查动词短语和介词短语的搭配。
形近近义词:
46.The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown’s body,seeking to_____the family and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death.(2016年第21题)
A.ensure
B.insure
C.assure
D.ascertain
答案:C考查动词词义辨析
本题四个选项为形近近义词,ensure意为“担保,保证”,指确保某事发生,后直接跟从句,不能用ensure sb.that;insure意为“投保”;assure意为“向……保证,使……确信”,常用assure sb.of sth.或者assure sb.that...;ascertain意为“查明”。此处尸检的目的是确保彻底调查他的死因,结构为assure sb.that...,故选C。
47.The Foreign Secretary tried to_____doubts about his handling of the crisis.(2016年第23题)
A.dispel
B.expel
C.repel
D.quell
答案:A考查动词词义辨析
本题四个选项为形近近义词,dispel意为“消除”,尤指消除人们的疑虑和误解;expel意为“驱逐”;repel意为“抵制”;quell意为“镇压”。本题指“消除人们对他危机处理的疑虑”,故选A。
形近异义词:
48.“I am leaving the country soon”,he told a_____convened group of reporters.(2016年第26题)
A.especially
B.particularly
C.specially
D.specifcally
答案:C考查副词词义辨析
本题四个选项为形近异义词,especially意为“显著地,异常地”;particularly意为“异乎寻常地”;specially意为“专门地,特别地”;specifcally意为“明确地”。本句指“专门召集起来的记者”,故选C。
49.If you are an athlete,strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during_____upper-body movement.(2016年第29题)
A.valiant
B.variable
C.vigilant
D.vigorous
答案:D考查形容词词义辨析
本题四个选项为形近异义词,valiant意为“英勇的”;variable意为“易变的”;vigilant意为“警觉的”;vigorous意为“用力的,强度大的,精力充沛的”。此处指“强度剧烈的上肢锻炼”,故选D。
异形近义词:
50.The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the_____.(2016年第22题)
A.consequence
B.outcome
C.result
D.aftermath
答案:D考查名词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形近义词,consequence意为“后果”;outcome意为“结局”,多指有待见分晓的结局;result指做某事产生的直接结果;aftermath指发生天灾人祸之后随之而来的不良的,甚至更严重的后果或余波。此处指“一个手无寸铁的人的死亡带来的余波”,故选D。
51.She really wanted to say something at the meeting,but eventually_____from it.(2013年第79题)
A.prevented
B.refrained
C.limited
D.restricted
答案:B考查动词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形近义词,prevent意为“阻止,阻碍”,常构成prevent sb.from doing sth.结构;refrain意为“克制,忍住”,常与介词from连用;limit和restrict意为“限制,限定”。本句表示“她忍住没有发言”,故选B。
异形异义词:
52.Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don’t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or who_____the resources to build a portfolio.(2016年第24题)
A.deprive
B.lack
C.yearn
D.attain
答案:B考查动词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形异义词,deprive意为“剥夺”;lack意为“缺乏”;yearn意为“渴望”;attain意为“得到”。本题指“缺乏资源建立证券投资组合”,故选B。
53.Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the_____ceasefre by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.(2016年第27题)
A.contemporary
B.makeshift
C.spontaneous
D.temporary
答案:D考查形容词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形异义词,contemporary意为“当代的”;makeshift意为“权宜之计的,临时的”;spontaneous意为“自发的,无意识的”;temporary意为“暂时的”。本题指“暂时的停火”,故选D。
54.Finning is a cruel_____in which the shark’s fns are lopped off,and the live shark is thrown back to sea.(2016年第30题)
A.reality
B.truth
C.practice
D.skill
答案:C考查名词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形异义词,reality意为“现实”;truth意为“真相”;practice意为“做法,实践”;skill意为“技巧”。此处指“割下鱼鳍是一种残忍的做法”,故选C。
动词短语搭配:
55.Chris ran_____John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck an easy rapport.(2016年第25题)
A.into...up
B.on...into
C.across...on
D.against...into
答案:A考查动词短语辨析
run into意为“偶然遇到”;run on意为“继续”;run across意为“不期而遇”;run against意为“同……竞争”;strike up意为“建立”;strike into意为“突然跑进”;strike on意为“打在……上,突然想起”。根据句意“克里斯在体育用品展销会上偶然碰见了约翰,两人迅速建立了友好关系”,故选A。
56.During the economic crisis,they had to cut back production and_____workers.(2015年第74题)
A.lay into
B.lay off
C.lay down
D.lay aside
答案:B考查动词短语辨析
lay into意为“痛斥,痛打”;lay off意为“解雇”;lay down意为“放下,制定”;lay aside“搁置”。根据句意“经济危机期间,他们不得不削减生产,解雇工人”,选B。
介词短语搭配:
57._____to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own,you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.(2016年第28题)
A.Due
B.Prior
C.Related
D.Thanks
答案:B考查介词短语辨析
due to意为“由于”;prior to意为“在……之前”;related to意为“与……关联”;thanks to意为“由于”。此处指“在关掉闹钟之前”,故选B。
58.His mother retires earlyon account of poor health.The underlined part means_____.(2014年第76题)
A.despite
B.with
C.because of
D.according to
答案:C考查介词短语辨析
despite意为“尽管”;with意为“伴随着”;because of意为“因为,由于”;according to意为“根据,依据”。根据句意“因为身体不好,他的妈妈提前退休了”,选C。
四、真题分析
11._____combination of techniques authors use,all stories——from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels——have a plot.
A.Regarding
B.Whatever
C.In so far as
D.No matter
答案:B考查状语从句
根据句意“不管作家使用什么样的技巧组合,他们创作的故事——从简短的趣闻轶事到长篇小说——都有情节”可知,本题考查让步状语从句,应用no matter what或者whatever来引导,故选B。
12.She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door,_____the woman gave a quick knock before opening it.
A.on which
B.but when
C.wherein
D.then
答案:A考查定语从句
本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词a closed door在定语从句中充当gave a quick knock on的宾语,应用关系代词which来引导,故选A。
13.Mr Ennab is one of the frst Palestinian_____with seven years’racing experience.
A.woman drivers
B.women driver
C.women drivers
D.woman driver
答案:C考查名词作定语
名词可作定语来修饰名词,在该短语变复数形式时,一般只需要把被修饰的名词变成复数即可,如two apple trees,three boy students;但当man/woman作定语时,该短语在变复数时要求把两个名词都变成复数,所以“巴勒斯坦最早的一批女赛车手之一”应为one of the frst Palestinian women drivers,故选C。
14.“I wondered if I could have a word with you.”The past tense used in the sentence refers to a_____.
A.past event for exact time reference
B.present event for tentativeness
C.present event for uncertainty
D.past event for politeness
答案:B考查动词时态
want,wonder,think,hope等动词的过去式可以用于表示现在时间,表示一种婉转的语气,这里的I wondered等同于I’m wondering,均表示委婉语气。句子意为“我不知道能否和你谈谈”,显然是一种试探,故选B。
15.“If I were you,I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.”The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to_____.
A.alleviate hostility
B.express unfavorable feelings
C.indicate uncertainty
D.make a suggestion
答案:D考查虚拟语气
If I were you,I wouldn’t wait to propose to her是典型的对现在的虚拟,意为“如果我是你,我会马上向她求婚”,显然是给对方提建议,故选D。
16.“It’s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.”The modal auxiliary SHOULD expresses_____.
A.obligation
B.disappointment
C.future in the past
D.tentativeness
答案:B考查情态动词
情态动词should在某些语境中可表示惋惜、忧虑、欢欣、惊讶等感情色彩。句子意为“这个政府官员竟然出尔反尔,真是太不应该了”,显然说话人对官员不守承诺的行为感到失望,故选B。
17.Timothy Ray Brown,the first man cured of HIV,initially opted against the stem cell transplant tha_____t history.
A.could have later made
B.should have made later
C.might make later
D.would later make
答案:D考查动词时态
根据句意“Timothy Ray Brown,第一个被治愈HIV的人,起初是反对干细胞移植手术的,而这项技术将在未来创造历史”可知,本题考查过去将来时的用法,可以用would make history来表达,表示时间的副词later可放在情态动词would之后,故选D。
18.Some Martian rock structures look strikingly like structures on earth that are known_____by microbes.
A.having been created
B.being created
C.to have been created
D.to be created
答案:C考查非谓语动词
根据固定结构be known to判断本题考查动词不定式的用法,而“由微生物塑造的地球岩石结构”早于“火星岩石结构”的发现,应用不定式的完成态to have been done,故选C。
19.At that moment,with the crowd watching me,I was not afraid in the ordinary sense,as I_____if I_____alone.
A.would have been...had been
B.should be...had been
C.could be...were
D.might have been...were
答案:A考查虚拟语气
本题出自于George Orwell的短篇小说《猎象记》:“在这种节骨眼儿上,那么多双眼睛盯着我,我早就顾不上害怕了,不像只有我一个人的时候。”显然空格处是对过去(一个人的时候)的虚拟,主句用would have done结构,从句用过去完成时had done,故选A。
20.You must fre_____incompetent assistant of yours.
A.the
B.an
C.that
D.whichever
答案:C考查名词属格
本题考查双重所有格。双重属格所修饰的名词可与a,any,some等表示非确定特指的限定词连用,但不能与定冠词the连用。双重属格修饰的名词还可以与this,that等指示限定词连用,表示爱憎褒贬等感情色彩。题干“你必须开除你那个无能的助手”表达了说话者不满抱怨的情绪,故选C。
21.Some narratives seem more like plays,heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their_____to reveal themselves.
A.charisma
B.characters
C.characteristics
D.characterizations
答案:B考查名词词义辨析
本题四个选项为形近异义词,charisma意为“魅力,感召力”;characters意为“人物,角色;性格”;characteristics意为“特征,特点”;characterizations意为“人物塑造,人物刻画”。本题指“作者通过对话展现角色的人物性格”,故选B。
22.If you intend to melt the snow for drinking water,you can_____extra purity by running it through a coffee flter.
A.assure
B.insure
C.reassure
D.ensure
答案:D考查动词词义辨析
本题四个选项为形近近义词,assure意为“向……保证,使……确信”,常用assure sb.of sth.或者assure sb.that...;insure意为“投保”;reassure意为“使安心,打消疑虑”,常构成reassure sb that...;ensure意为“确保,保证”,指确保某事发生,后面直接跟名词或宾语从句,不能用ensure sb.that。此处意为“使用滤纸能确保更纯净的饮用水”,故选D。
23.The daisy-likeflowers of chamomile have been used for centuries to_____anxiety and insomnia.
A.decline
B.relieve
C.quench
D.suppress
答案:B考查动词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形近义词,decline意为“下降,衰退”;relieve意为“缓解,摆脱”;quench意为“解渴,止渴”;suppress意为“镇压,抑制”。根据句意“甘菊几个世纪以来被用于缓解焦虑和失眠”,故选B。
24.Despite concern about the disappearance of the album in popular music,2014 delivered a great crop of album_____.
A.releases
B.appearances
C.publications
D.presentations
答案:A考查名词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形异义词,release意为“专辑的发行,情绪的释放”;appearance意为“出现,露面”;publication意为“书刊的出版,信息的公布”;presentation意为“陈述,说明,颁奖典礼”。此处为专辑的发行,故选A。
25.The party’s reduced vote in the general election was_____of lack of support for its policies.
A.revealing
B.confrming
C.indicative
D.evident
答案:C考查形容词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形近义词,均有“表明的,指示的”之意,但只有indicative能构成固定短语be indicative of,意为“该政党在大选中选票减少表明人们对其政策缺乏支持”,故选C。
26.He closed his eyes and held the two versions of La Mappa to his mind’s_____to analyze their differences.
A.vision
B.eye
C.view
D.sigh
答案:B考查名词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形近义词,但只有to one’s mind’s eye为固定短语,意为“心灵之眼”,故选B。
27.Twelve pupils were killed and five_____injured after gunmen attacked the school during lunchtime.
A.critically
B.enormously
C.greatly
D.hard
答案:A考查副词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形近义词,critically意为“局势危险地,病情严重地”;enormously意为“范围、程度巨大地”;greatly意为“非常地,极大地”;hard意为“努力地,猛烈地”。此处指受伤严重,故选A。
28.A 15-year-old girl has been arrested_____accusations of using Instagram to anonymously threaten her high school.
A.over
B.with
C.on
D.for
答案:C考查介词短语
on accusations of为固定短语,意为“受到……的指控”,故选C。
29.It was reported that a 73-year-old man died on an Etihad flight_____to Germany from Abu Dhabi.
A.bounded
B.binded
C.boundary
D.bound
答案:D考查形容词词义辨析
本题四个选项为形近异义词,be bounded by意为“以……为界”;binded为错误单词干扰项,bind的过去分词应为bound;boundary是名词,意为“边界”;be bound for/to有“开往,飞往”之意,故选D。
30.It’s_____the case in the region;a story always sounds clear enough at a distance,but the nearer you get to the scene of events the vaguer it becomes.
A.invariably
B.immovably
C.unalterably
D.unchangeably
答案:A考查副词词义辨析
本题四个选项为异形近义词,invariably意为“总是”,等同于频率副词always;immovably意为“固定不动地”;unalterably意为“坚定不移地”;unchangeably意为“不变地”。此处指“在这个地区总是发生这样的情况”,故选A。