第二节 真题分析
一、雅思阅读真题分析20例
Example 1
真题回放:The Coach brand had been a symbol of opulence and luxury for nearly 70 years, and the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been to lower prices.(剑13阅读)
译文:近70年来,Coach品牌一直都是奢侈华贵的象征,而应对经济萧条最自然的反应就是折价处理。
语法破解:这是由and连接的两个简单句组成的并列句。and前句子的时态是过去完成时,谓语是had been;and后句子的时态是过去将来完成时,谓语是would have been。
Example 2
真题回放:Boards of companies in all sectors will need to widen their perspective to encompass 23 these issues and this may involve a realignment of corporate goals.(剑12阅读)
译文:所有部门的公司董事会都需要拓宽视野,以全面掌握这些问题,这可能涉及公司目标的重新调整。
语法破解:这是由and连接的两个简单句组成的并列句。and前句子的时态是一般将来时,谓语是will need to widen;and后句子的时态是一般现在时,谓语是may involve。
Example 3
真题回放:Other inventions—the wheel, agriculture, sliced bread—may have transformed our material existence, but the advent of language is what made us human.(剑11阅读)
译文:其他发明——车轮、农耕、切片面包——也许彻底改变了我们的物质生活,但语言的出现才是使得我们称其为人的关键所在。
语法破解:but前是一个简单句,时态是现在完成时,谓语是may have transformed。but后是一个主从复合句,主句的时态是一般现在时,is是系动词;what引导的是表语从句,时态是一般过去时,谓语是made。
Example 4
真题回放:Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then.(剑11阅读)
译文:对当前的人口发展趋势采用最保守的估算,到那时人口将会增加大约30亿。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是一般将来时,谓语是will increase。
Example 5
真题回放:High achievers have been found to use self-regulatory learning strategies more often and more effectively than lower achievers.(剑10阅读)
译文:研究发现,成绩高的人比成绩低的人更经常也更有效使用自我调节的学习策略。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是现在完成时,谓语是have been found。
Example 6
真题回放:Macfarlane deduced that whatever the British were drinking must have been important in regulating disease.(剑10阅读)
译文:Macfarlane推断,无论英国人饮用的是什么酒,但在调节疾病方面一定都是很重要的。
语法破解:这是一个多重主从复合句。主句的时态是一般过去时,谓语是deduced;that引导的是宾语从句。该宾语从句本身又是一个主从复合句,主句的时态是现在完成时,谓语是have been;whatever引导的是主语从句,时态是过去进行时,谓语是were drinking。
Example 7
真题回放:Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive.(剑9阅读)
译文:这其中的某些(原料),如蜗牛的腺黏液,很难获取,而且极其昂贵。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是一般过去时,were是系动词。
Example 8
真题回放:Replicating these conditions in other countries will be a major challenge for development workers.(剑6阅读)
译文:对于研发的工作人员来说,将这些条件复制到其他国家是一个主要的挑战。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是一般将来时,谓语是will be。
Example 9
真题回放:The experiences from Makete will help in this initiative, and Makete District will act as a reference for future work.(剑7阅读)
译文:从马科特项目中所获得的经验在这次积极的行动中将有很大的帮助,而马科特地区也会为将来的工作提供很好的参考范例。
语法破解:这是由and连接的两个简单句组成的并列句。and前后句子的时态都是一般将来时,谓语分别是will help和will act as。
Example 10
真题回放:The sudden death of her husband in 1906 was a bitter blow to Marie Curie, but was also a turning point in her career: henceforth she was to devote all her energy to completing alone the scientific wor that they had undertaken.(剑9阅读)
译文:1906年,丈夫的突然离世对于玛丽·居里来说是一个沉重的打击,但也是她事业的一个转折点。自此以后,她投入了全部的精力,去独立完成他(她)们共同承担的科研工作。
语法破解:冒号前是一个由but连接两个并列谓语的简单句,时态是一般过去时,was是系动词。冒号后是一个主从复合句,主句的时态是一般过去将来时,谓语是was to devote;that引导的是定语从句,修饰the scientific work,时态是过去完成时,谓语是had undertaken。
Example 11
真题回放:Some water experts are now demanding that existing infrastructure be used in smarter ways rather than building new facilities, which is increasingly considered the option of last, not first, resort.(剑7阅读)
译文:一些水利专家要求更灵活地使用现有的水利基础设施,而不是再建造新的设施。建造新设施越来越被认为是万不得已之选而非首选。
语法破解:这是一个多重主从复合句。主句的时态是现在进行时,谓语是are…demanding;that引导的宾语从句是虚拟语气,谓语是(should已省略)be used;该从句中又包含一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰building new facilities,时态是一般现在时,谓语是is…considered。
Example 12
真题回放:What they are certainly not findin, however, is any change in attitude of mainstream scientists: most still totally reject the very idea of telepathy.(剑8阅读)
译文:然而,他们现在的确还没有发现的是主流科学家们态度上的任何变化:大部分人仍然完全排斥心灵感应这一观点。
语法破解:冒号前是一个主从复合句。What引导的是主语从句,该从句的时态是现在进行时,谓语是are…not findin;主句的时态是一般现在时,is是系动词。冒号后是一个简单句,时态是一般现在时,谓语是reject。
Example 13
真题回放:In 1998, energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of CO2, the leading greenhouse gas.(剑10阅读)
译文:1998年,交通运输部门的能源消耗导致的二氧化碳排放量占28%,二氧化碳是温室气体的首要来源。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是一般过去将来时,谓语是was to blame for。
Example 14
真题回放:Within seconds he was soaring and diving at over 290 kph, at one point reaching 300 kph, about 104 kph faster than the typical falling skydiver.(剑9阅读)
译文:短短几秒钟之后,他便以每小时290千米的速度高飞和俯冲,有时可以达到每小时300千米,比典型的做空中造型运动的跳伞运动员的下降时速还快每小时104千米。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是过去进行时,谓语是was soaring and diving。
Example 15
真题回放:Australia has reciprocal medical arrangements with the governments of the eight nations you will be visiting.(剑8阅读)
译文:澳大利亚与您即将访问的八个国家的政府间有互惠的医疗安排。
语法破解:这是一个主从复合句。主句的时态是一般现在时,谓语是has;you will be visiting是省略了引导词that的定语从句,修饰the eight nations,该从句的时态是将来进行时,谓语是will be visiting。
Example 16
真题回放:The rat findingshave been replicated many times and extended to creatures ranging from yeast to fruit flies, worms, fish, spiders, mice and hamster.(剑6阅读)
译文:小白鼠的实验结果反复进行了很多次,并且后来延伸到很多生物身上,从酵母到果蝇、蠕虫、鱼、蜘蛛、老鼠和仓鼠等。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是现在完成时,and连接的是两个并列的谓语,即谓语是have been replicated…and extended to。
Example 17
真题回放:Pierre Curie joined her in the work that she had undertaken to resolve this problem, and that led to the discovery of the new elements, polonium and radium.(剑9阅读)
译文:皮埃尔·居里和她一起进行研究,试图解决这个难题,结果他(她)们发现了钋和镭这两种新元素。
语法破解:and前是一个主从复合句。主句的时态是一般过去时,谓语是joined;that引导的是定语从句,修饰the work,时态是过去完成时,谓语是had undertaken。and后是一个简单句,时态是一般过去时,谓语是let to。
Example 18
真题回放:In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests—what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them—independent of any formal tuition.(剑4阅读)
译文:面对媒体频繁且生动的报道,也许不需要任何正规的教育,孩子们就能够形成一系列有关热带雨林的观点:比如说雨林是什么,位置在哪里,为什么如此重要,又是什么在威胁它们等。
语法破解:这是一个多重主从复合句。it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,该从句的时态是将来完成时,谓语是will have formed。两个破折号之间是由what and where, why和what引导的三个并列的同位语从句,作ideas的同位语,时态都是一般现在时,系动词(谓语)分别是are, are, endangers。
Example 19
真题回放:This would have made flying awkward,as they would have lacked the endurance to power their muscles for long periods of time.(剑6阅读)
译文:(冷血)这一点使飞行变得困难,因为它们缺乏那种能够给肌肉提供长时间飞行所需能量的耐力。
语法破解:这是一个主从复合句,as引导的是原因状语从句,主句和从句的时态都是过去将来完成时,谓语分别是would have made和would have lacked。
Example 20
真题回放:While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that.(剑6阅读)
译文:尽管全球经济的增长速度是每年3%多一点儿,但贸易量的年综合增长率却已是它的两倍。
语法破解:这是一个主从复合句。While引导的是让步状语从句;主句和从句的时态都是现在完成进行时,谓语分别是has been expanding和has been rising。
二、雅思听力真题分析20例
Example 1
真题回放:Now, we already have a set of traffic lights in the High Street at the junction with Station Road, but we're planning to have another set at the other end, at the School Road junction, to regulate the flow of traffic along the High Street.(剑13听力)
译文:现在,我们已经在商业街与车站路的交叉路口设置了一组交通信号灯,但我们正计划在另一端,也就是在学校路交叉路口设置另一组交通信号灯,以调节沿商业街的交通流量。
语法破解:这是由but连接的两个简单句组成的并列句。but前句子的时态是一般现在时,谓语是have;but后句子的时态是现在进行时,谓语是are planning。
Example 2
真题回放:Now that lots of books have been digitalised, people can access them from their own computers at home.(剑12听力)
译文:既然很多书已经被数字化了,人们就可以在家用自己的电脑来阅读它们了。
语法破解:这是一个主从复合句,逗号前Now that(既然,由于)相当于since,引导原因状语从句。从句的时态是现在完成时,谓语是have been digitalised;逗号后主句的时态是一般现在时,谓语是can access。
Example 3
真题回放:Actually Carol and I have been meaning to join for a while.(剑12听力)
译文:实际上,卡罗尔和我已经有一段时间想加入(图书馆借书)了。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是现在完成进行时,谓语是have been meaning to。
Example 4
真题回放:There he met a pioneer in the study of global warming, who suggested that carbon from the soil had moved into the atmosphere.(剑11听力)
译文:在那里,他遇到了一位全球变暖研究的先驱,他认为土壤中的碳已经进入大气层。
语法破解:这是一个多重主从复合句,主句的时态是一般过去时,谓语是met;who引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰pioneer,时态是一般过去时,谓语是suggested;该非限制性定语从句中含有that引导的宾语从句,时态是过去完成时,谓语是had moved into。
Example 5
真题回放:Up until that time of course, academics had believed that humans first migrated to the islands in Polynesia from Asia, in the west.(剑10听力)
译文:当然了,直到彼时,学者们一直认为,人类首先是在西部从亚洲迁移到波利尼西亚群岛的。
语法破解:这是一个主从复合句。主句的时态是过去完成时,谓语是had believed;that引导的是宾语从句,时态是一般过去时,谓语是migrated to。
Example 6
真题回放:Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.(剑10听力)
译文:其他人呼吁取消新的纳米产品,如化妆品,并且暂时停止进行多种纳米技术的研究。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是现在完成时,谓语是have called for。
Example 7
真题回放:We have lots of fascinating indoor and outdoor exhibits on our huge complex, spreading hundreds of hectares.(剑8听力)
译文:我们举办了许多精彩的室内外展览,蔓延数百公顷。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是一般现在时,谓语是have。
Example 8
真题回放:Of course it took a while for such a big project to get started, but it was planned in the 60s, built in the 70s and eventually opened to the public in 1983.(剑8听力)
译文:当然,建立这样一个大型项目花了一段时间,但是,该项目(20世纪)60年代进行规划,70年代建成,最终在1983年向公众开放。
语法破解:这是由but连接的两个简单句组成的并列句。but前句子的时态是一般过去时,谓语是took;but后是一个有并列谓语的简单句,即谓语是was planned…, built…and…opened。
Example 9
真题回放:And by the way, she will ask you for a reference, so you might like to be thinking about that.(剑8听力)
译文:顺便说一句,她会要求你有介绍人,因此你可以考虑一下这一点。
语法破解:这是由so连接的两个简单句组成的并列句。so前面句子的时态是一般将来时,谓语是will ask;so后面句子的时态是一般过去时,谓语是might like。
Example 10
真题回放:I thought I would have trouble recruiting help but in fact everyone was very willing and sometimes their tutors got involved too.(剑8听力)
译文:我原以为招募助手可能会很麻烦,但实际上每个人都非常乐意,有时他们的导师也会参与进来。
语法破解:but前是一个主从复合句,主句的时态是一般过去时,谓语是thought;画线的部分是省略了引导词that的宾语从句,时态是一般过去将来时,谓语是would have。but后是由and连接的两个简单句组成的并列句,这两个简单句的时态都是一般过去时,系动词和谓语分别是was和got involved。
Example 11
真题回放:That wouldn't be a problem, if I were to get the job.(剑9听力)
译文:如果我获得了这份工作,签字不是问题。
语法破解:这是一个主从复合句。主句的时态是一般过去将来时,谓语是wouldn't be;if引导的是条件状语从句,时态也是一般过去将来时,谓语是were to get,是“were+动词不定式”的特殊结构。
Example 12
真题回放:Research and exploration has been going on in Antarctica for more than two hundred years.(剑5听力)
译文:两百多年以来,研究和勘探一直在南极洲进行着。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是现在完成进行时,谓语是has been going on。
Example 13
真题回放:He will be telling us about the plan to improve the fast-growing suburb of Red Hill.(剑8听力)
译文:他将告诉我们有关改善快速发展的红山郊区的计划。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是将来进行时,谓语是will be telling。
Example 14
真题回放:The stone blade of a plough has been discovered during excavation in County Mayo in western Ireland.(剑6听力)
译文:在爱尔兰西部的梅奥郡,犁头的石刃已经在挖掘的过程中被发现。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是现在完成时,谓语是has been discovered。
Example 15
真题回放:I agree that this concept is still a long way in the future, but it will come eventually and the float datawill have made a contribution.(剑7听力)
译文:我也认为这个想法在将来还有很长的路要走,但它最终会实现,浮舟数据将会做出贡献。
语法破解:but前是一个主从复合句,主句的时态是一般现在时,谓语是agree;that引导的是宾语从句,时态也是一般现在时,is是系动词。but后是由and连接的两个简单句组成的并列句,and前句子的时态是一般将来时,谓语是will come;and后句子的时态是将来完成时,谓语是will have made。
Example 16
真题回放:Over the last five years scientists from thirteen countrieshave been taking part in the project and launching floats in their area of ocean control.(剑7听力)
译文:在过去的五年内,来自13个国家的科学家已经参加了这个项目,并且在各自控制的海洋内投放了浮舟。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是现在完成进行时,谓语是have been taking part in…and launching。
Example 17
真题回放:Well, during the 1970s, my wife, Liz and I had just acquired 80 acres of sheep farming land, and we decided to settle down and have children.(剑9听力)
译文:嗯,在20世纪70年代,我的妻子利兹和我获得了80英亩的牧羊地,于是我们决定安顿下来并要生孩子。
语法破解:这是由and连接的两个简单句组成的并列句。and前句子的时态是过去完成时,谓语是had…acquired;and后句子的时态是一般过去时,谓语是decided。
Example 18
真题回放:Before the cereal crops could be planted, it would have been necessary to clear the forest and to break the ground by ploughing.(剑6听力)
译文:在种植谷类作物之前,有必要先采伐森林并且犁地松土。
语法破解:这是一个主从复合句。Before引导的是时间状语从句,时态是一般过去时,谓语是could be planted;主句的时态是过去将来完成时,谓语是would have been。
Example 19
真题回放:Some of the strategies in writing, for example, would be improving your planning for writing, organising your thinking and building some techniques to help you write more clearly.(剑4听力)
译文:例如,一些写作策略将提高你在写作方面的规划,组织你的思路,并且建立一些技巧来帮助你写得更清楚。
语法破解:这是一个简单句,时态是过去将来进行时,谓语是would be improving…,organising…and building。
Example 20
真题回放:And we will be taking a medium size coach so there will be 45 places on that.(剑4听力)
译文:我们将会乘坐一个中等大小的长途汽车,所以上面会有45个座位。
语法破解:这是由so连接的两个简单句组成的并列句。so前面句子的时态是将来进行时,谓语是will be taking;so后面句子的时态是一般将来时,谓语是will be。
三、雅思写作和口语中的时态
例句:We used to have nothing but blackboard in classrooms but now we have multimedia systems such as computers and projectors in most of the classrooms.
译文:我们过去在教室里面除了黑板之外没有其他的东西,而如今在大部分的教室里,我们有了诸如电脑和投影仪等多媒体系统。
点评:该句常用于写作、口语的“教育类和科技类”话题中。used to…but now…表示对比过去和现在。
例句:Hardly had I reached the hotel when the party began.
译文:我刚一到饭店,晚会就开始了。
点评:该句常用于口语中描述一次经历。
例句:No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
译文:比赛一开始就下起了大雨。
点评:该句常用于口语中描述一次活动或事件。
例句①:I'll never forget this trip because it was the first time tha I had traveled without a home base.
译文:我永远不会忘记这次旅行,因为这是我第一次不是和家人一起出行。
点评:该句常用于写作、口语的“旅行类和经历类”话题中。
例句②:Although the model of a wooden house was not perfect at all, it was the first thin that I had done by myself.
译文:虽然木屋的模型做得一点儿也不完美,但这是我亲自完成的第一件事。
点评:该句常用于口语中描述一次难忘的经历。
例句:As a result, people would rather buy new products than spend a large amount of money and time on repairing old ones.
译文:因此,人们宁愿花钱买新产品,而不愿意在修理旧的东西方面花费金钱和时间。
点评:该句常用于写作、口语的“生活类”话题中。
例句:Nowadays, the government would rather people took public transportation instead of private cars.
译文:如今,政府宁愿人们乘坐公共交通工具而不是开私家车。
点评:该句常用于写作、口语的“政府类和交通类”话题中。
特别说明
以上6个句型,都是雅思写作和口语中的加分句型,但使用的时候一定要注意时态,注意谓语动词要用恰当的形式。考生在平时要多加练习,熟能生巧。