第2章 国家的起源
2.1 复习笔记
Ⅰ. Early Settlers (5000 BC—55 BC)
1.The Iberians
2. The Beaker Folk
3.The Celts
Ⅱ. Roman Britain (55 BC—AD 410)
Ⅲ.The Anglo-Saxons (446—871)
Ⅳ. The Viking and Danish Invasions
Ⅴ.The Norman Conquest (1066)
Ⅰ. Early Settlers (5000 BC—55 BC)
1.The Iberians
The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians. At about 3000 BC during the New Stone Age, the Iberians came to Britain, probably from the Iberian Peninsula.
2.The Beaker Folk
At about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now known as Holland and the Rhineland.
3.The Celts
The Celts began to arrive about 700 BC. They came to Britain in three main waves.
Ⅰ．早期的定居者(5000 BC—55 BC)
1．伊比利亚人
英国最早的定居者是伊比利亚人。大约公元前3000年，新石器时期，来自伊比利亚半岛的伊比利亚人来到了英国。
2．宽口陶器人
大约公元前2000年，宽口陶器人来到现在的荷兰和莱茵兰地区。
3．凯尔特人
公元前700年，凯尔特人来到英国。他们分三批来到这里。
Ⅱ. Roman Britain (55 BC—AD 410)
1. Julius Caesar, the great Roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55 BC. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation.
2. The Romans also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.
3. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.
Ⅱ．罗马统治时期(55 BC—AD 410)
1．尤里乌斯·凯撒，罗马将领，在公元前55年入侵英国。近400年，英国处于罗马控制之下。
2．罗马人也带来了新的宗教——基督教。
3．罗马人对英国平民的语言和文化没有影响。
Ⅲ.The Anglo-Saxons (446—871)
1. In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. The Anglo-Saxon tribes were constantly at war with one another.
2. Although the Anglo-Saxons were ferocious people, they laid the foundations of the English state.
Ⅲ．盎格鲁-撒克逊(446—871)
1． 5世纪中期，新的入侵者朱特人，撒克逊人和盎格鲁人来到英国。盎格鲁-撒克逊部落之间一直战事不断。
2．尽管盎格鲁-撒克逊人残忍凶猛，他们为英国的发展奠定了基础。
Ⅳ. The Viking and Danish Invasions
1. The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denmark attacked England from the end of the 8th century.
2. Alfred is known as “the father of the British navy” as he founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea.
Ⅳ．北欧海盗和丹麦入侵
1． 8世纪末，来自挪威的北欧海盗和丹麦人入侵英国。
2．阿尔弗雷德被称为“英国海军之父”，因为他建立了强大的舰队，并第一次在海上打败了丹麦人。
Ⅴ.The Norman Conquest (1066)
1. King Edward (1042—1066) was known because of his piety as “the Confessor”.
2. On Christmas Day, 1066, William the conqueror was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.
3. William replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.
Ⅴ．诺曼征服(1066)
1．爱德华国王(1042-1066)由于他的“忏悔者”身份而被人熟知。
2． 1066年的圣诞节，威廉征服者在威斯敏斯特教堂加冕称帝。
3．威廉强大的诺曼政府代替了软弱的撒克逊统治。封建制度在英国彻底建立。