参考文献

1.GOLD Executive Committee.Global strategy for the diagnosis，management，and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（updated 2016）.［EB/OL］.http：//www.goldcopd.com

2.Atsou K，Chouaid C，Hejblum G.Variability of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease key epidemiological data in Europe：systematic review.BMC Med，2011，9：7.doi：10.1186/1741-7015-9-7.

3.Buist AS，McBurnie MA，Vollmer WM，et al.International variation in the prevalence of COPD（the BOLD Study）：apopulation-based prevalence study.Lancet，2007，370（9589）：741-750.

4.Zhong N，Wang C，Yao W，et al.Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China：a large，population-based survey.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2007，176（8）：753-760.

5.Hunninghake GM，Cho MH，Tesfaigzi Y，et al.MMP12，lung function，and COPD in high-risk populations.N Engl J Med，2009，361（27）：2599-2608.

6.Stern DA，Morgan WJ，Wright AL，et al.Poor airway function in early infancy and lung function by age 22 years：a non-selective longitudinal cohort study.Lancet，2007，370（9589）：758-764.

7.Hayden LP，Hobbs BD，Cohen RT，et al.Childhood pneumonia increases risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease：the COPDGene study.Respir Res，2015，16（1）：115.

8.Kohansal R，Martinez-Camblor P，AgustíA，et al.The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction revisited：an analysis of the Framingham offspring cohort.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2009，180（1）：3-10.

9.Lamprecht B，McBurnie MA，Vollmer WM，et al.COPD in never smokers：results from the populationbased burden of obstructive lung disease study.Chest，2011，139（4）：752-763.

10.Hollams EM，de Klerk NH，Holt PG，et al.Persistent effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on lung function and asthma in adolescents.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2014，189（4）：401-407.

11.Gordon SB，Bruce NG，Grigg J，et al.Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries.Lancet Respir Med，2014，2（10）：823-860.

12.Burney P，Jithoo A，Kato B，et al.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality and prevalence：the associations with smoking and poverty—a BOLD analysis.Thorax，2014，69（5）：465-473.

13.de Marco R，Accordini S，Marcon A，et al.Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a European cohort of young adults.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2011，183（7）：891-897.

14.Menezes AM，Hallal PC，Perez-Padilla R，et al.Tuberculosis and airflow obstruction：evidence from the PLATINO study in Latin America.Eur Respir J，2007，30（6）：1180-1185.

15.Lam KB，Jiang CQ，Jordan RE，et al.Prior TB，smoking，and airflow obstruction：a cross-sectional analysis of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.Chest，2010，137（3）：593-600.

16.中华医学会呼吸病学分会慢性阻塞性肺疾病学组.慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南（2013年修订版）.中华结核和呼吸杂志，2013，36（4）：255-264.

17.Faustini A，Stafoggia M，Colais P，et al.Air pollution and multiple acute respiratory outcomes.Eur Respir J，2013，42（2）：304-313.

18.Tsai SS，Chang CC，Yang CY.Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease：a case-crossover study in Taipei.Int J Environ Res Public Health，2013，10（11）：6015-6026.