2.4　宾语

谓语的后面，往往会有宾语。宾语，又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。例如：

Show me（间接宾语）your tickets（直接宾语），please.请让我看看你的票。

宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。非及物动词往往需要外加介词一起构成复合谓语，然后再接宾语，比如look at you。

就像主语一样，宾语也可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

（1）名词作宾语

Show your passport，please.请出示护照。

（2）代词作宾语

She did not say anything.她什么也没说。

（3）数词作宾语

How many do you want？I want two.你要几个？我要两个。

（4）名词化的形容词作宾语

They sent the injured to hospital.他们把伤员送到医院。

（5）不定式或现在分词或动名词作宾语

They asked to see my passport.他们要求看我的护照。

I enjoy working with you.我和你们一道工作很愉快。

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

（6）名词性从句作宾语

Did you write down what he said？你把他的话写下了没有？

课堂练习：请画出名词性从句宾语

Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities.

参考答案：

Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities.