第一篇 语法深度训练篇

Unit 1 名词

专题一 名词的定义、分类和名词的数

一、定义：表示人或事物名称的词。

二、名词的分类

名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。具体分类见下表：

三、名词的数：可数名词分为单数（si.）和复数（pl.）两种形式；名词的复数变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。

1．规则变化及其读音表：

2．不规则变化表：

基础训练（一）

一、把下列名词按可数名词[C]与不可数名词[U]分类

map, fun, suit, photo, advice, news, milk, newspaper, fortune, letter, character, invention, homework, bread, juice, knowledge, suggestion, furniture, luck, army, people

1．[C]:____________________

2．[U]:____________________

二、写出下列名词的复数形式

1．orange__________

2．beauty__________

3．shelf__________

4．fox__________

5．foot__________

6．enemy__________

7．mouth__________

8．child__________

9．cloth__________

10．roof__________

11．match__________

12．sheep__________

13．hundred__________

14．class__________

15．piano__________

16．zoo__________

17．zero__________

18．Japanese__________

19．German__________

20．Frenchman__________

21．businesswoman__________

22．hero__________

23．lottery__________

24．monkey__________

25．leaf__________

26．human__________

27．animal__________

28．police__________

三、将下列句子变成复数形式

1．The cat eats fish.

____________________

2．I believe this deer is sleeping.

____________________

3．This wife has cut up the vegetable with her knife to cook for her husband.

____________________

4．My uncle is a German.

____________________

5．This woman doctor is treating a patient.

____________________

6．This means has been tried.

____________________

7．That fish is swimming in the pool.

____________________

专题二 名词格的分类、构成和用法

一、分类：名词的格包括主格、宾格和所有格三种形式。主格和宾格形式相同，它们被称为普通格，即名词本身，在句中作主语（S）、宾语（O）和表语（P）。所有格是用来表示所属关系的一种语法形式，包括三种形式：'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。

二、名词所有格的构成和用法

1．'s所有格，主要用于人和其他有生命的东西。

（1）通常情况下在名词词尾加's。

eg. Dale's wife戴尔的妻子 Marx's works马克思的著作

（2）在以s结尾的复数名词后一般加“'”，不必加s。

eg. the teachers'office教师的办公室the girls'school女子中学

（3）不以s结尾的复数名词后加's。

eg. People's Daily《人民日报》Children's Palace少年宫

（4）以s结尾的单数名词或专有名词后既可加's，也可加“'”。

eg. boss's/boss' company老板的公司 Dickens's/Dickens' novels狄更斯的小说

（5）以and连接的两个名词的所有格有两种构成方式：

①两个或两个以上名词共同拥有某人/某物时，只在最后一个名词后加's。

eg. Lily and Lucy's room莉莉和露西的房间

②两个或两个以上名词分别所有时，每个名词都要加's。

eg. Li Yi's and Yu Xinya's fathers李怡和余新雅的爸爸

温馨提示：有时一些无生命的东西也可加's构成所有格。

①用在表示时间或距离的名词后。

eg. a two hours'ride开车两小时的路程 two miles'distance两英里（1英里≈1.6 km）的距离

②用在表示天体、国家、城市、机构或组织的名词后。

eg. the earth's surface地球的表面 China's development中国的发展

③用在表示质量、价值或金钱的名词后。

eg. one ton's iron一吨铁twenty dollars' value 20美元的价值

2．of所有格。

（1）多数情况下，of所有格后面的名词是无生命的东西。

eg. the windows of the house这间房子的窗户the cover of the book这本书的封面

（2）of所有格也可用于有生命的名词，尤其是这一名词后有很长修饰语时。

eg. the arrival of the president总统的到来

the support of the people of the whole world全世界人民的支持

（3）'s所有格与of所有格可以互换。

eg. the son of a farmer=a farmer's son一位农民的儿子

the book's cover=the cover of the book这本书的封面

3．双重所有格，即of所有格+'s所有格。

（1）双重所有格所修饰的名词之前常用a/an，any，few，no，several，some和数词来修饰，一般不用the修饰。

eg. a book of my father's我爸爸的一本书some inventions of Edison's爱迪生的一些发明

（2）of前面的名词若被this，that，these，those，the等修饰，往往带有爱憎、褒贬的色彩。

eg. That little son of Mr Li's is very clever.李先生的那个小儿子很聪明。

（3）of后's的名词指人且表示特指时，不用a/an修饰。

eg. He's a child of my sister's.他是我姐姐的孩子。

基础训练（二）

一、将下列短语译成英语

1．参观者们的问题__________

2．儿童医院__________

3．男厕所__________

4．妇女刊物__________

5．在诊所__________

6．在我姑姑家__________

7．这座城市的人口__________

8．教师节__________

9．“John”和“Mary”（各自）的学校__________

10．“John”和“Mary”（共同）的学校__________

11．一张世界地图__________

12．我父母的建议__________

13．他的每个兄弟__________

14．史密斯先生的一张照片__________

15．我们学校的校长__________

二、单项选择

1．—How far is it from your home to the school?

—It's about__________.

A. 10 minutes walk

B. 10 minute's walk

C. 10-minutes walk

D. 10 minutes'walk

2．This is__________, and I borrowed it from him two days ago.

A. a book of Mr Cox

B. a book of Mr Cox's

C. a Mr Cox'book

D. Mr Cox's books

专题三 名词的修饰语

一、普通修饰语

1．可数名词的常用修饰语有many，many a（an），a good/great many，a（great/large）number of，scores of，dozens of（很多），these，those，each，every，both，several，（a）few等。

eg. There're a number of students playing on the playground.操场上有很多学生在玩。

In winter，many animals sleep under the snow.在冬季很多动物在积雪下冬眠。

2．不可数名词的常用修饰语有much，too much，a great deal of，a great/large amount of（大量的），a bit of，a little等。

eg. He always has a great amount of work to do.他总是有很多工作要做。

A great deal of money is spent on research.大量的钱花在研究工作上。

3．可用于修饰可数和不可数名词的修饰语有a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the majority（大多数），the rest（of），enough（of），all（of），most（of），none of，some（of），more（of）等。

eg. Hainan Island usually has plenty of rain every month of a year.海南岛通常在一年中的每个月都有充足的雨量。

Look，there are plenty of young people planting trees on the hill.看，山上有很多年轻人在植树。

There is a lot of ice in the river.河里有很多冰。

There are a lot of students in the science museum.科学博物馆里有很多学生。

二、其他修饰语

1．名词作定语修饰名词。

eg. a bamboo pole一根竹竿a stone bridge一座石桥

2．形容词作定语修饰名词。

eg. a pretty girl一个漂亮女孩an excellent boy一个优秀男孩

3．副词作定语修饰名词时，置于其后。

eg. the goats over there那儿的山羊the statement above以上的陈述

4．介词短语作定语修饰名词时，置于其后。

eg. the girl in red穿红色衣服的女孩the apples on the desk书桌上的苹果

5．定语从句修饰名词时，置于其后。

eg. I like music that I can dance to.我喜欢可以随之起舞的音乐。

基础训练（三）

根据汉语提示完成下面句子

1．他们去了书店并买了很多书。

They went to the bookstore and bought__________books.

2．现如今许多农民到大城市里找工作。

Nowadays__________farmers go to the large cities to look for jobs.

3．大量的牛奶已变质了。

A great__________of milk has gone bad.

4．很可惜剩下的面包都被扔掉了。

It's a pity that__________the bread was thrown away.

5．他的哥哥挣了很多钱。

His brother has made__________money.

6．你认识楼下的那个男人吗？

Do you know the man__________?

7．你能够到树上的苹果吗？

Can you reach the apples__________?

专题四 名词的句法功能、名词的性和名词的特殊结构

一、名词的句法功能

1．作主语（S）、宾语（O）、表语（P）和同位语（App）。（为表述简练，句子成分的名称有时用其英语缩写表示，全书同）

eg. The pure（纯洁的）love expects nothing in return.纯洁的爱不要求回报。（S）

She'll speak at the meeting.她将在会上发言。（O）

The computer is a wonderful machine.计算机是一种很奇妙的机器。（P）

Mr Li，our English teacher is very knowledgeable.我们的英语老师李先生知识渊博。（App）

2．作宾语补足语（OC）、状语（Ad）和称呼语（Appe）。

eg. I feel it my honor to visit your beautiful country.我觉得能到你们美丽的国家访问是我的荣幸。（OC）

The war lasted four years.战争持续了四年。（Ad）

Ladies and gentlemen，welcome to Beijing！女士们、先生们，欢迎来到北京。（Appe）

3．作定语（Att）。

（1）名词作定语（Att）一般用单数。

eg. animal world动物世界10 apple trees十棵苹果树

（2）如果man或woman作定语，所修饰的名词是复数时，man或woman也要用复数。

eg. two men doctors两名男大夫three women writers三个女作家

（3）少数名词只用复数作定语（Att）：goods（商品），clothes，sports（也可用单数），sales，jeans等。

eg. the goods train货车a sales manager一名营销经理a jeans shop一家牛仔裤店

（4）“数词+连字符+名词”和“数词+连字符+名词+形容词”作定语时，连字符后的名词用单数。

eg. a five-year plan五年计划a sixteen-year-old girl一个十六岁的少女

二、名词的性：表男性或雄性动物的名词属阳性；表女性或雌性动物的名词属阴性。

1．阳性与阴性名词的形式完全不同。

2．在阳性名词后加ess（有的词尾稍有变化）可构成阴性名词。

3．不分性别的词可以在前面加上he或she，boy或girl，man或woman，male或female来表示性别。

4．有些变化较特殊。

三、名词的特殊结构

1．“of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。

eg. a woman of wealth=a wealthy woman一个富有的女人

a book of value=a valuable book一本有价值的书

2．“to one's+情感类名词”一般置于句首作插入成分（Par），常见的名词有surprise，amazement（惊愕），delight（高兴），joy，regret，sadness，disappointment，satisfaction（满意）等。

基础训练（四）

一、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．__________（健康）is more important to me than__________（金钱）.

2．The__________（发明家）have invented a great__________many（发明物）so far.

3．Who is the__________（赢家）in the dance competition？

4．I'd like some__________（面包）before dinner.

5．He left a__________（便条）saying that he has something important to do.

6．Would you like to attend the__________（时装）show tomorrow？

7．We have planted 100__________（梨子）trees.

8．Do you know the__________（女生）in red？

9．We call him__________（经理）.

10．Jack keep a__________（公的）dog.

11．Those__________（女服务员）gave us good services，so we felt very satisfied.

二、单项选择

1．The park is far away from here indeed. It's about__________walk.

A. a three hour walk

B. a three hour's

C. a three-hours

D. a three-hour

2．David visited lots of__________in the world.

A. places of interesting

B. places of interest

C. place of interest

D. place of interesting

3．__________, I can't accept your invitation.

A. For my deep regret

B. For the deep regret

C. To my deep regretted

D. To my deep regret

4．In Britain__________are all painted red.

A. letter boxes

B. letters boxes

C. letter box

D. letters box

能力训练

一、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．You should do more__________（锻炼）. Don't always sit at the desk busy doing your__________（练习）.

2．There are__________（照片）on the wall. They are very beautiful.

3．The__________（屋顶）of the ancient house were covered with lots of__________（树叶子）.

4．There are 5__________（日本人）and three__________（德国人）in our international class.

5．Those are__________（女演员们的）photos. How pretty they are！

6．Each boy and each girl has got two__________（块）of bread.

7．The old woman wanted to buy 10 boxes of__________（火柴）because she couldn't use the lighter（打火机）.

8．In these forests there are lots of__________（鹿）.

9．Our biology teacher tells us that the cattle（牛）have four__________（胃）.

10．We should clean our__________（牙齿）at least twice a day.

二、改错：下列各小题都有一处错误，指出并改正

三、单项选择

1．（2016·滨州）—Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou？

—Yes, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great__________.

A. surprise

B. achievement

C. education

D. satisfaction

2．（2017·天水）The online shop sells__________shoes at a very low price.

A. child and men's

B. children and men's

C. children's and men

D. children's and men's

3．（2016·连云港）—It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.

—Yes, it's a major way of__________for them.

A. suggestion

B. vacation

C. production

D. communication

4．（2017·白银）“It depends on my__________decision，”the mother said and looked at her two sons.

A. children

B. children's

C. child

D. child's

实战训练

一、用所给词的适当形式填空

1．Please write down all the__________ (suggest) and__________ (comment) in the form.

2．Comparing your notes with your__________ (classmates) can be good for your learning.

3．Going for a picnic on a fine autumn morning is good, but__________ (safe) is the most important, right?

4．—I really like your bike. Is it expensive?

—I don't know how much it is. It's my__________ (uncle).

5．—What do you have for breakfast?

—I often have some__________ (bread) or__________ (noodle).

6．Thanks for giving me plenty of__________ (information) I wanted.

7．After class, children went out of their classroom to enjoy the__________ (warm) of the sun.

8．There are two big__________ (car) factories in our city.

二、从括号内选择正确的单词填空

1．I saw a great number of__________ (people, coal)there.

2．I am sorry I know a little__________ (English, language).

3．—Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.

—That's true. It's an important part of Chinese__________ (custom, culture).

4．We believe One Belt，One Road（“一带一路”）will help China improve the__________（relationship，situation）with lots of countries.

5．—How can Julie say bad words about me? I thought we were good friends.

—Who told you that? Friends need__________ (courage, trust).

三、单项选择

1．（2016·襄阳）—Look！So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.

—They're for the public. This__________of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city.

A. number

B. pair

C. kind

D. piece

2．（2017·宿迁）—Could you give me a few__________on how to spend the coming summer holiday？

—OK. Let me see.

A. hobbies

B. knowledge

C. suggestions

D. information

3．（2017·苏州）—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday？

—Either day is OK. It makes no__________to me.

A. choice

B. change

C. difference

D. decision

4．（2017·黄石）To the teacher's joy，the student made great__________this term.

A. result

B. preparation

C. suggestion

D. progress

5．Rose and Natalie always put small presents in__________stockings on Christmas Day.

A. each other's

B. each other

C. each others

D. each others'

6．I saw__________in the library yesterday.

A. mine classmate

B. a classmate of mine

C. a classmate of my

D. a my classmate

7．All the__________teachers and__________students are having a sports meeting on the playground.

A. women; girl

B. women; girls

C. womans; girl

D. woman; girl