Unit 2 代词

概述

一、定义：代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的，它的主要作用是在句子中避免重复。因此代词的使用必须和它所代替的名词或名词短语在人称、数、性、格上保持一致。

二、代词的分类：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词。

专题一 人称代词的定义，人称、数和格的变化及句法功能

一、定义：指人的代词。

二、人称代词的人称、数和格的变化表

三、人称代词的句法功能

1．主格人称代词常作主语（S）。

eg. She is as intelligent as he（is）.她像他一样聪明。

We should do as the teacher tells us to.我们应该按老师说的那样做。

2．宾格人称代词常作动词或介词的宾语（O）。

eg. I met them in the street yesterday.昨天我在街道上遇到了他们。

It is a waste of time talking to her.跟她说话白白浪费时间。

3．人称代词作表语时，一般用宾格，但正式场合用主格。

eg.—Who broke the vase？谁打破了花瓶？

—It was me/I.我。

4．宾格代词还可作同位语。

eg. We，us eight，will have a dance party on Sunday.我们八个人在星期天将举行一场舞会。

5．人称代词用在as和than后，若as和than用作介词时，往往用宾格；若as和than用作连词时，则往往用主格。

eg. Jack runs faster than me.（than作介词）杰克跑得比我快。

She draws as well as I do.（as作连词）她和我画得一样好。

6．we，you，they可表示泛指的人。

eg. We/You should keep calm even when we/you are in danger.即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静。

7．特殊用法：在感叹句和省略句中用宾格。

eg.—She won the match.她赢得了比赛。—Lucky her！她真幸运！

—Who broke the glass？谁打碎了玻璃？—Me！/It's me！我！

Why me？I'm so busy.为什么是我？我这么忙。

8．人称代词的排列顺序。

几个人称代词作主语时，排列次序一般为：you and I；you and he（she）；you，he（she）and I；we and you；we and they；we，you and they。

eg. You，he and I should help each other.我、你、他应该互相帮助。

但在承认错误时，I放在其他人前面表示勇于担当。

eg. I and my brother made the mistakes.我和我弟弟犯了这个错误。

请记代词排序口诀：

eg. He and she were invited to Jenny's birthday party.他和她被邀请出席了珍妮的生日聚会。

We and animals should enjoy the same earth.我们和动物应共享同一个地球。

基础训练（一）

一、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．__________（他们）are preparing for the coming examination.

2．The boy next to__________（她）is her brother.

3．The red hair band on the shelf belongs to__________（我）.

4．It was__________（我）who did the cleaning yesterday.

5．—Who will be a volunteer?

—It's__________（我）.

6．Tom teaches__________（她）English and__________（她）teaches__________（他）Chinese.

7．It was__________（他们）who had helped us out of trouble.

8．If anyone comes in before I get back，ask__________（他们）to wait.

9．There goes the bell. Go and see who__________（它）is，Jack！

10．__________（天）is raining outside. Take the umbrella！

二、从括号内选择正确的人称代词填空

1．It is__________ (she, her) who studies hardest in our class.

2．—Sophia, come and help__________ (me, I) do the dishes!

—Why__________ (me, I)?

3．Miss Wang teaches__________ (our, us) English.__________ (She, Her) is very strict with__________ (us, we).

4．They, __________ (them, their) five, are going to have a pinic on the hill this Sunday.

5．Nobody but__________ (he, him) can solve the physics problem.

6．Maria sits between Selina and__________ (I, me).

专题二 物主代词的定义、分类和句法功能

一、定义：表示所有关系的代词。

二、分类：①形容词性物主代词（简称形物代词）；②名词性物主代词（简称名物代词）。

三、物主代词表

四、物主代词的句法功能

1．形容词性物主代词的句法功能。

（1）形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特征，在句中作定语，后接名词。

eg. I like her dog.我喜欢她的狗。

His parents are in New York.他的父母在纽约。

（2）形容词性物主代词与own连用时表强调。

eg. I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼见到的。

（3）在下面结构中，须用定冠词the代替形容词性物主代词（不用物主代词）。

touch sb on the head摸某人的头hit sb on the head打某人的头

hit sb in the face/chest打某人的脸/胸

take/catch/pull sb by the head/arm/hand抓住/拉某人的头/胳膊/手

2．名词性物主代词的句法功能。

名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语（S）、表语（P）和宾语（O）。它还可以构成“a/an/this/that/some/no+名词+of+名词性物主代词”结构，在此结构中“of+名词性物主代词”作后置定语（Att）。

（1）作主语（S）、表语（P）和宾语（O）。

eg. Ours is the best team in the league.我们队是联赛中最强的队。（S）

The mobile phone on the bed is mine.床上的手机是我的。（P）

We love our motherland as much as you love yours.我们爱我们的祖国就像你们爱你们的祖国一样深。（O）

（2）名词性物主代词与of连用作后置定语。

eg. This is no fault of yours.这不是你的错。

That son of hers is very naughty.她的那个儿子很淘气。

温馨提示：物主代词不可与a，an，this，that，these，those，some，any，several，no，each，every，such，another，which等词一起前置修饰名词，而必须用双重所有格形式。

eg. a my friend（误）→ a friend of mine我的一个朋友

each his brother（误）→ each brother of his他的每个兄弟

请记物主代词用法口诀：

基础训练（二）

在短文的空白处填上适当的代词

One day I was having lunch with a friend in a restaurant. Suddenly, a woman shouted at us, "The table is not 1.__________! You can't sit here." I said, "It's not yours! We came first, so it's not 2.__________table." My friend said, "It's 3.__________today because we are already eating our food here." Then the waiter came and said to the woman, "It's 4.__________table today. They arrived before you." The woman was very angry and said, "Well, which table can I have? "The waiter showed 5.__________a table. Then he said to us, "She usually sits at this table, so she thinks it's6.__________! " Later, the woman shouted again, "Waiter, I have two bills! Which is 7.__________bill? "The waiter looked at the two bills:the first one was hers, and the second one was 8.__________bill.

The waiter just made a mistake and gave ours to her.

专题三 指示代词的定义和句法功能

一、定义：表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等表示指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those，such，same等。

二、指示代词的句法功能

1．this，that，these，those在句中作主语（S）、宾语（O）、表语（P）和定语（Att）。

eg. This is what I want.这是我所想要的。（S）

These are my trousers.这些是我的裤子。（S）

We should always keep this in mind.我们应该永远记住这一点。（O）

His worries are those.他的担心就是那些。（P）

We must get to know these tricks of theirs.我们必须了解他们的这些花招。（Att）

2．指示代词this/these，that/those的用法区别。

（1）this和these指近处的人或物；that和those指远处的人或物。

eg. This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.这是一张中国地图，那是一张世界地图。

In those years they led a hard life.那些年，他们过着艰苦的生活。

（2）this/these指下文将提及的人或物，有启下的作用；that/those指上文已提及的人或物，起承上的作用。

eg. I shall tell you about this：he is an honest boy.我要告诉你的这一点是：他是一个诚实的男孩。

I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.我得了感冒，所以没来。

（3）that/those替代前面提过的人或物，以免重复。that仅代指事物，those则可代指人或物。

eg. The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that（=the weather）in Beijing.上海没有北京的天气那么冷。

City people enjoy less space than those who live in the countryside.城里人比那些乡村人的生活空间更小。

3．such的用法。

such指代如前所述的人或物，其具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中作主语（S）、宾语（O）、表语（P）和定语（Att）等。

eg. Such is life.这就是生活。（S）

If you act like a child，you'll be treated as such.如果你这样孩子气，人家就会把你当孩子看待了。（O）

The birds were such as I never saw before.这样的鸟，我从未见过。（P）

Such water is quite clean.这样的水很干净。（Att）

区分so与such：

（1）so为副词，也可用于替代句子或短语。其结构为：①so+adj./adv.；②so+adj.+a/an+n.；③think/believe/hope so；④so+助动词+主语（S）；⑤so+much/many/little（少）/few+n.。

eg. She is so beautiful.她是如此美。

He can speak English，so can I.他会说英语，我也会。

（2）such为代词，其结构为：①such+a/an+adj.+n.（=so+adj.+a/an+n.）；②such+（a/an）+[U]/[C]；③such+adj.+[U]/pl.。

eg. He is such a fool.他这么愚蠢。

I have never seen such beautiful flowers.我从没见过这么漂亮的花。

请记口诀：

4．same用法。

same作为指示代词使用时，其前常加the，也具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中作主语（S）、宾语（O）、表语（P）和定语（Att）。

eg. The same happened to me.我也发生了同样的情况。（S）

My brother went to swim and I did the same.我哥哥去游泳了，我也去了。（O）

His family name and mine are the same.他和我同姓。（P）

The students are doing the same thing.学生们正在做着同样的事。（Att）

基础训练（三）

一、按要求转换句型

1．This is a storybook.（改为复数句）

__________

2．That is a picture book for you.（改为复数句）

__________

3．She went skating and I did the same.（改为同义句）

She went skating, __________.

4．It is so wonderful a song that we all enjoy listening to it.（改为同义句）

It is__________wonderful song that we all enjoy listening to it.

5．The teachers in your school work as hard as the ones in our school.（改为同义句）

The teachers in your school work as bard as__________in our school.

二、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．本周六我要去看望爷爷奶奶。

I'll go to see my grandparents__________.

2．这里没有这样的男人。

There is__________man here.

3．我不喜欢这样的天气。

I don't like__________.

4．这就是雷锋，一个伟大而平凡的人。

__________was Lei Feng, a great and ordinary man.

5．这部电影没有我昨天看的那部有意思。

This film is not__________interesting__________I saw yesterday.

6．狗有着与狼一样的眼睛。

Dogs have the same eyes__________of wolves.

专题四 反身代词和相互代词的定义和句法功能

一、反身代词的定义和句法功能

1．定义：指一个动作反射到该动作执行者本身或用来加强名词或代词的语气的代词。

2．反身代词表：

从上表中观察反身代词的构成规律：第一、二人称用形容词性物主代词+self/selves；第三人称用宾格+self/selves。

3．反身代词的句法功能。

（1）作宾语（O）。

反身代词常在“enjoy，teach，hurt，buy，introduce，seat，dress，express，amuse（娱乐），behave”等动词和“by，for，to，of”等介词后作宾语。

eg. He is teaching himself English.他正在自学英语。

She first made a name for herself as an actress.她最初是当演员成名的。

（2）作表语（P）。

反身代词常在be，feel，look，seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态。

eg. I'm not myself today.我今天不舒服。

（3）作同位语（App）

反身代词作主语或宾语同位语（App）主要起加强语气的作用，表示“亲自，本身，本人”。

eg. Nobody taught him drawing. He learned it himself.没人教他绘画，他是自学的。（作主语he的同位语）

You'd better ask the teacher herself.你最好问老师本人。（作宾语teacher的同位语）

4．固定搭配。

seat oneself=sit down=be seated坐下

make oneself at home别客气by oneself=on one's own=alone独自地

请记反身代词用法口诀：

二、相互代词的定义和句法功能

1．定义：表示相互关系的代词。仅有两个：each other互相；one another互相。现代英语二者可互换。

2．句法功能。

（1）作宾语（O）。

eg. Sports can help people from different countries understand each other better.体育运动可以帮助来自不同国家的人们更好地了解彼此。

（2）作定语（Att）。

作定语时，应用其所有格。

eg. You are supposed to respect（尊重）each other's choice.你们应该尊重彼此的选择。

They took down one another's addresses.他们记下了彼此的地址。

基础训练（四）

一、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．小心别伤了自己。

Be careful not to__________.

2．那猴子看见自己在水中。

That monkey__________in the water.

3．那个女孩把自己命名为“王者荣耀”。

The girl names__________Glory of the King.

4．昨晚我们在晚会上玩得非常开心。

We__________very much at the party yesterday evening.

5．玛丽亚发现自己在一个不同的世界里。

Maria__________in a different world.

6．“有意思。”博伟自语道。

"It's interesting, " said Bowei__________.

7．孩子们，请不要拘束。

Make__________at home, children!

8．刚才那猫自己藏在了门后头。

The cat__________behind the door jnst now.

二、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．We bought some food from the villagers and we cooked it__________（我们自己）.

2．Daniel went to the forests__________（独自）.

3．They love__________（彼此）deeply.

4．They looked into__________（彼此的）eyes for a long time.

5．They know__________（彼此的）parents.

6．The door opened__________（自动地）.

专题五 不定代词的定义和常用不定代词的用法

一、定义：不指明代替任何特定名词（或形容词）的代词。

二、常用不定代词

三、常见易混不定代词

1．either与neither。

（1）单独使用。

①—Which do you prefer，juice or cola？你要果汁还是可乐？

—Either will do.哪个都行。

②—How about these two suggestions？这两条建议怎么样？

—I like neither.哪个我都不喜欢。

（2）与of搭配，构成结构：neither/ either+of+them/ you/ us+Vs+...

neither/ either+of+the/ these/ those/ 形物代词+Vs+...

（Vs表示谓语的三单形式。现代英语中，谓语也可用复数形式）

eg. Neither of my parents likes pop music.我父母都不喜欢流行音乐。

Either of the roads leads to the airport.这两条路的任一条都通往机场。

Neither of them is/are from England.他们两个都不是来自英国的。

（3）either和neither作定语时直接修饰单数可数名词。

eg. Either way is OK.（=Both ways are OK.）两种办法都行。

Neither brother likes playing soccer.兄弟俩都不喜欢踢足球。

（4）not... either相当于neither。

eg. I don't like either of them=I like neither of them.它们/他们/她们俩我都不喜欢。

2．nobody，no one与none。

（1）no one相当于nobody，不与of搭配，为泛指；一般只代指人；谓语只用三单形式。

（2）none与of搭配，为特指；既可代指人，也可代指物；代指可数名词时，谓语可用单数，也可用复数；代指不可数名词时，谓语只用单数。

（3）用who提问时，用no one/nobody作否定回答；用which/how much/how many提问时，用none作答。

eg.—Who is over there？谁在那儿？

—No one/Nobody.没有人。

基础训练（五）

一、将下列句子变成完全否定句

1．Both my sister and myself can play the piano.→__________

my sister__________myself can play the piano.

2．The boy asked the teacher some questions.→

The boy__________the teacher__________questions.

3．I like tomatoes and potatoes too.→

I__________tomatoes or potatoes, __________.

4．All of the money on the table is mine.→

__________of the money on the table is mine.

5．We can believe something he says.→

We__________he says.

二、单项选择

1．（2016·武汉）—There're four bedrooms in the house，__________with its own shower.

—That's what I want. I have got a few kids.

A. either

B. neither

C. each

D. none

2．（2017·青岛）—Can I come today or tomorrow？—__________is OK. I'm busy today and tomorrow.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Each

D. None

能力训练

一、从括号中选择适当的代词填空

1．Here's Li Yi's name on it! It must belong to__________ (her, hers, she).

2．Boys and girls, don't lose__________ (youself, yourself, yourselves) in playing the game—Glory of the King. It's a waste of time.

3．—Whose smartphone is this? Is it Beacher's?

—No, it isn't__________ (he, his, him). It's Julius's.

4．Jane has lost__________ (she, her, hers) ballpen.

Will you lend her__________ (you, your, yours)?

5．These coats are__________ (them, their, theirs) and__________ (us, our, ours) are next to the basketball

shelf.

6．__________ (Them, Their, They) test papers haven't been handed in yet.

7．Is your handwriting as beautiful as__________ (he, him, his)?

8．The fish is for my cat. Now it is eating__________ (itself, it, they).

二、从括号中选择适当的词填空

1．We can't communicate with Lily and Lucy because__________ (neither, both) of them knows Chinese.

2．We study Chinese, English, maths and__________ (the other, others, other) subjects at school.

3．"It's going to rain, " the old woman said to__________ (hers, herself).

4．Which of__________ (these, this, that) ties are Julius's?

5．—Is there__________ (something, anything) wrong with your electric bicycle?

—Yes, there is__________ (something, anything)wrong with it.

6．We are expected to cheer up and__________ (none, all) of us are afraid of difficulties.

7．There are many trees on__________ (either, both)sides of the street in Beijing.

8．There is__________ (anything, nothing) wrong with you, but I'm afraid you're eating too__________ (many, much).

三、单项选择

1．（2016·玉林）—Cindy，is the baseball bat__________？

—No, __________is over there. It must be Mark's.

A. your; my

B. your; mine

C. yours; my

D. yours; mine

2．（2016·荆门）—Do you know who taught__________French？

—Nobody. He learned it by__________.

A. his, himself

B. him; him

C. him; himself

D. his; him

3．（2017·遵义）The dishes cooked by my mother are more delicious than__________cooked by my father.

A. ones

B. them

C. those

4．（2017·天水）—Mrs Wang，I'm afraid I can't finish the work in two days.

—Don't worry. I'll give you__________days.

A. two another

B. two more

C. more two

D. two many

5．（2017·武汉）—The frozen yogurt tastes like ice cream but has__________of the fat.

—It suits me fine. I'm on a diet.

A. none

B. neither

C. any

D. some

实战训练

一、从括号中选择恰当的代词填空

1．We Chinese are proud of__________ (our, us)country.

2．Fu Yuanhui is__________ (I, my) favorite swimmer because she is so funny.

3．Paul went to the bookstore with some friends of__________ (himself, his).

4．—Who threw the empty bottles on the floor?

—I don't know. They're not__________ (my, mine). Ask Max, please.

5．Linda and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by__________ (them, themselves).

6．His name is James, but he usually calls__________ (himself, him) Jim.

7．The headmaster introduced__________ (we, us) to the German visitors before the welcome party.

8．—Whose book is this?

—Kate's name is on it, so it must belong to__________ (hers, her).

二、根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子

1．I don't like my watch，but I like__________（你的）.

2．The girl in purple is new here，so__________（很少有人）know her.

3．—How much milk is there in the fridge?

—There is__________（没有剩下的）.

4．Sorry，we have four people in the car，so there is__________（很少有空间）for this box.

5．—Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy__________（它）？

—In Shanghai. Do you want to have__________（像这样）？

6．—Rose, could you please water the flowers in the garden?

—__________（为什么是我呀）？You see，my brother is listening to music.

三、单项选择

1．（2016·东营）If we just think about__________，the boat of friendship will be overturned anytime.

A. myself

B. himself

C. yourself

D. ourselves

2．（2017·黄石）Chinese people find__________our duty to help develop African countries along the Belt and Road（“一带一路”）.

A. it

B. this

C. that

D. these

3．（2017·泰安）—I'm a little hungry，Mum.

—There are some apple pies on the table. You may take__________.

A. it

B. this

C. that

D. one

4．（2017·黄冈）—Our classroom is so clean. Who's cleaned it，Li Lei？

—Sorry, I don't know. I think__________did it before class.

A. somebody

B. nobody

C. everyone

D. anyone