4.3　Loading/Unloading Systems

4.3.1　The minimum effective length of railway loading/unloading line may be determined by Equation（3）below:

where:

Lu——minimum effective length of the railway loading/unloading line，m；

Md——number of the rail cars arrived to the plant at a time，EA；

Lch——average length of the rail cars，m；Lchis normally taken as 14m；

Nm——shunting number of the rail cars arrived to the plant at a time；Nmshould be taken as 1-2；

Klu——utilization coefficient of the railway loading/unloading line；Klushould be taken as 0.9.

4.3.2　In addition to satisfying rail car loading/unloading and shunting operations，the railway loading/unloading line shall be constructed to meet the operational or functional requirements，such as metering，sampling and de-freezing of raw materials（fuels）delivered to the plant，train inspection，temporary maintenance for rail cars，standby rail car storage and test vehicle parking.

4.3.3　The length of both full-load rail car lines and empty rail car line for tipper service shall be larger than the total length of the rail cars of a train arrived to the plant at a time，and an additional length shall be provided for move-in/move-out of rail cars.

4.3.4　Railway loading/unloading line should be constructed separately from the locomotive running tracks.And railway loading/unloading line should not be located at curve section，and shall have a maximum slope of 1.5‰.

4.3.5　The length of wharf berth shall be calculated by Equation（4）below:

where:

L——length of the wharf berth，m；

K——operation coefficient；

For vertical-face wharf，K=1.0；

For sloping or floating wharf where straight berth shifting is required，K=1.5-1.6；

For sloping or floating wharf where side berth shifting（emptied ship is downstream and temporary fastened to end of pontoon with cables）is required，K=2.0；

For sloping or floating wharf where berth shifting is not required，K=1.0；

Ls——length of design ship，m；

S——distance between two adjacent ships，m；S should be taken as（0.1-0.15）Ls.

4.3.6　Sea ports，and river ports where ships are moored relying on tides shall be designed in accordance with JTJ 211，while river ports with hydrographical features shall be designed in accordance with GB/T 50192.If the design water level difference for the wharf at river port is less than 8m，vertical-face wharf should be designed，if the design water level difference more than 17m，sloping wharf should be designed，and if the design water level difference is within 8m-17m，sloping or floating wharf should be designed.

4.3.7　Design of loading/unloading systems at ports shall comply with the following requirements:

a）If the cargo categories are not diversified，cargo sources and destinations are not greatly changed，and the volume of cargos is economic for transportation，loading/unloading systems at ports shall be designed on a specialized berth basis.

b）The minimum capacity of warehouses（stockyards）constructed in front of the berths shall hold the volume of materials continuously loaded/unloaded to/from one ship or one barge fleet.

c）The capacity of belt conveyors at wharf shall accommodate the maximum capacity of ship loaders（unloaders），and shall not be less than 1.2 times the total rated capacity of ship loaders（unloaders）.

d）When the load capacity of design ship is more than 500t，two main ship loaders（unloaders）may be provided at each berth.

e）Where cranes are selected for ship loading/unloading，the crane jib shall be long enough to reach the outside of hatchways of the design ship，and their capacity shall satisfy design requirements（see Table 1）.