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[1] 本文最初发表于《社会学研究》（北京)2002年第5期，后为中国人民大学《报刊复印资料·社会学》（北京)2002年第12期全文转载。

[2] 在这里，默顿用“巴尔干化”(Balkanization) 一词指将一地区或领域分为若干小地区或小领域的现象，就像第一次世界大战前西方列强在巴尔干半岛的所作所为。

[3] 法国社会学家古尔维奇就曾提出过类似的“连续统”的思想。他认为，在微观和宏观这一对连续统之间，就依次存在“个人的思想和行为”“互动”“群体”“组织”“社会”和“世界体系”等单位，正是它们组成了从微观向宏观的过渡（参见Gurvitch,1964)。