註釋

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8　American Psychiatric Association(2013). Highlights of changes from DSM—IV—TR to DSM—5.

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21　Horney, K.(1945). Our inner conflicts. New York: Norton & Co., Inc.

22　Henriques, G.(2012, April 3). The personality disorder star.

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24　Kiehl, K., Smith, A., Hare, R., Mendrek, A., Forster, B., Brink, J., et al.(2001). Limbic abnormalities in affective processing by criminal psychopaths as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry, 50(9), 677-684.

25　Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, P.(2000). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 57(2).

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28　Blonigen, D., Hicks, B., Krueger, R., Partrick, C., & Iacono, W.(2005). Psychopathic personality traits: Heritability and genetic overlap with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Psychological Medicine,(05), 637-648.

29　Livesley, W. J.(2003). Practical management of personality disorders. New York: Guilford Press.

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31　Johnson, J., Cohen, P., Smailes, E., Skodol, A., Brown, J., & Oldham, J.(2001). Childhood verbal abuse and risk for personality disorders during adolescence and early adulthood. The Journal of Psychopathology, 42(1), 16-23.

32　Cohen, P., Crawford, T. N., Johnson, J. G., & Kasen, S.(2005). The children in the community study of development course of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 466-486.

33　Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Brown, J., Smailes, E., & Bernstein, D.(1999). Childhood maltreatment increases risk for personality disorders during young adulthood: Findings of a community—based longitudinal study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 600-606.

34　Paris, J.(1996). Social factors in the personality disorders: A biopsychosocial approach to etiology and treatment. New York: Cambridge University Press.

35　Millon, T., Grossman, S., Millon, C., Meagher, S., & Ramnath, R.(2004). Personality disorders in Modern Life(2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

36　Wu, L., Blazer, D., Gersing, K., Burchett, B., Swartz, M., Mannelli, P., et al.(2013). Comorbid substance use disorders with other Axis I and II mental disorders among treatment—seeking Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and mixed—race people. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 47,1940-1948.

37　Norasakkunkit, V., & Uchida, Y.(2014). To conform or to maintain self—consistency?Hikikomori risk in Japan and the deviation from seeking harmony. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33(10), 918-935.

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39　Coid, J., Yang, M., Tyrer, P., Roberts, A., & Ullrich, S.(2006). Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britain. The British Journal of Psychiatry,188(5), 423-431.

40　Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., & Cramer, V.(2001). The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(6), 590-596.

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42　Lee, C. K., Kovak, Y. S., & Rhee, H.(1987). The national epidemiologic study of mental disorders in Korea. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 2, 19-34.

43　Chen, C., Wong, J., Lee, N., Chan—Ho, M., Lau, J., & Fung, M.(1993). The Shatin community mental health survey in Hong Kong. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50,125-133.

44　Grant, B., Hasin, D., Stinson, F., Dawson, D., Chou, S., Ruan, W., et al.(2004). Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(7), 948-958.

45　American Psychiatric Association(1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

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47　Lenzenweger, M., Lane, M., Loranger, A., & Kessler, R.(2007). DSM—IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

48　Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L., & Chelminski, I.(2005). The prevalence of DSM—IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry,162, 1911-1918; Moran, P., Jenkins, R., Tylee, A., Blizard, R., & Mann, A.(2000). The prevalence of personality disorder among UK primary care attenders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 52-57.

49　Tyrer, P., Reed, G. M., & Crawford, M. J.(2015). Personality disorder 1: Classification, assessment, prevalence, and effect of personality disorder. The Lancet, 385, 717-726.

50　Tyrer, P.(2015). Personality dysfunction is the cause of recurrent non—cognitive mental disorder: A testable hypothesis. Personal Mental Health, 9(1), 1-7.

51　Hollin, C. R.(2013). Psychology and Crime: An introduction to criminological psychology(2nd ed.). East Sussex: Routledge.

52　Johnson, J., Cohen, P., Smailes, E., Kasen, S., Oldham, J., Skodol, A., & Brook,J.(2000). Adolescent personality disorders associated with violence and criminal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood. American Journal of Psychiatry,157, 1406-1412.

53　Ehrensaft, M., Cohen, P., & Johnson, J.(2006). Development of personality disorder symptoms and the risk for partner violence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(3),474-483.

57　Linehan, M.(1993). Cognitive—Behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder.

58　Hoermann, S., Zupanick, C., & Dombeck, M.(2015, November 17). DSM—5: The ten personality disorders: Cluster A. Retrieved March 29, 2016, from MentalHelp.net: https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/dsm—5—the—ten—personality—disorders—cluster—a/

59　Cherry, K.(2015, April 22). What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Retrieved March 30, 2016, from About health: http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologicaltesting/a/mmpi.htm

60　Matusiewicz, A., Hopwood, C., Banducci, A., & Lejuez, C.(2010). The effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for personality disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33(3), 657-685.

61　同上。

62　Beck, J.(2014, September 8). What psychiatrists need to know about CBT for personality disorder. Retrieved March 29, 2016, from Psychiatric Times: http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/uspc2014/what—psychiatrists—need—know—about—cbt—personality—disorders

63　同上。

64　同上。

65　Linehan, M., Comtois, K., Murray, A., Brown, M., Gallop, R., Heard, H., et al.(2006). Two—year randomized controlled trial and follow—up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(7), 757-766.

66　Verheul, R., Van Den Bosch, L., Koeter, M., De Ridder, M., Stijnen, T., & Van Den Brink, W.(2003). Dialectical behavior therapy for women with borderline personality disorder: 12—month, randomized clinical trial in The Netherlands. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 135-140.

67　Linehan, M.(2000). The empirical basis of dialectical behavior therapy: Development of new treatments versus evaluation of existing treatments. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice,(1), 113-119.

68　Ryle, A.(2004). The contribution of Cognitive Analytic Therapy to the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorder, 18(1), 3-35.

69　Clarke, S., Thomas, P., & James, K.(2013). Cognitive analytic therapy for personality disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 202, 129-134.

70　Kellet, S., Bennett, D., Ryle, T., & Thake, A.(2013). Cognitive analytic therapy for borderline personality disorder: Therapist competence and therapeutic effectiveness in routine practice. Clinical psychology and psychotherapy, 20(3), 216-225.

71　Kellet, S., & Hardy, G.(2014). Treatment of paranoid personality disorder with cognitive analytic therapy: A mixed single case experimental design. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 21(10), 452-464.

72　Kellet, S., Wilbram, M., Davis, C., & Hardy, G.(2014). Team consultancy using cognitive analytic therapy: A controlled study in asserive outreach. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21(8), 687-697.

73　Lewis, G., & Appleby, L.(1988). Personality disorder: The patients psychiatrists dislike. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 153(1), 44-49.

74　Markam, D., & Trower, P.(2003). The effects of the psychiatric label “borderline personality disorder” on nursing staff's perceptions and causal attributions for challenging behaviours. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42(3), 243-256.

75　Battle, C., Shea, M., Johnson, D., Yen, S., Zlotnick, C., Zanarini, M., et al.(2004). Childhood maltreatment associated with adult personality disorders: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 193-211.