国际课程化学核心词汇
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117 damage/ˈdæmɪdʒ/ n.破坏;损失;损失赔偿金

v.损害

10频

fire damage火灾损失

Lead and oxides of lead may cause long-term damage in the aquatic environment. 铅及其氧化物可能会对水生环境造成长期的破坏。

118 damp/dæmp/ adj.潮湿的

n.湿气;潮湿

202频

damp cloth湿布

A piece of damp red litmus paper is held over the mouth of the test tube.一张潮湿的红色石蕊试纸固定在试管口上方。

119 data/ˈdeɪtə/ n.数据;材料,资料

1076频

data analysis数据分析

Use this data to calculate the value of Kc for this reaction.用此数据计算该反应的Kc值。

120 decay/dɪˈkeɪ/ v.&n.腐烂,腐朽;衰败

3频

tooth decay蛀牙

The rate of decay and oxidation is slower at lower temperatures.低温下腐烂和氧化的速度较慢。

121 decimal/ˈdesɪml/ adj.小数的;十进位的

n.小数

78频

decimal system十进制

Calculate and record the average temperature of the reaction mixture to one decimal place. 计算并记录反应混合物的平均温度,精确到小数点后一位。

122 decolourise/diːˈkʌləraɪz/ vt.使……脱色,将……漂白

15频

decolourise the liquid使液体褪色

Both compounds react with sodium metal, and both decolourise bromine water.这两种化合物都能与金属钠反应,且都能使溴水褪色。

123 decomposition/ˌdiːˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/ n.分解;腐烂

168频

breakdown, decay (v.)

microbial decomposition微生物分解

Describe the thermal decomposition of the nitrates and carbonates.描述硝酸盐和碳酸盐的热分解。

124 deduce/dɪˈdjuːs/ vt.推导;演绎;追根溯源

118频

deduce the molecular formula推导分子式

例 Deduce the values of x, y and z in the equation.推导方程中xyz的值。

125 deficiency/dɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n.缺乏;缺点;不足额

2频

absence

vitamin deficiency维生素的缺乏

Zinc deficiency in humans can be easily treated by using zinc salts as dietary supplements.如果缺锌,人们可以用锌盐作为膳食补充剂进行治疗。

126 define/dɪˈfaɪn/ vt.解释(词语)的含义;明确;界定

50频

define the task明确任务

例 Define the term standard enthalpy change of combustion.请解释术语“标准摩尔燃烧焓”的含义。

127 definition/ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/ n.定义;解释;清晰度

7频

standard definition标准释义

The understanding of the definition of chemical terms needs professional knowledge.对化学术语定义的理解需要专业知识。

128 deflect/dɪˈflekt/ v.偏转;转移;阻止

10频

be deflected by sth.因某物而发生偏转

Beams of charged particles are deflected by an electric field.带电粒子束因电场发生了偏转。

129 degree/dɪˈɡriː/ n.程度,度;学位

2频

the degree of rotation旋转度

The degree of polarisation of an anion depends on two factors.阴离子的极化程度取决于两个因素。

130 depletion/dɪˈpliːʃn/ n.消耗,用尽;耗减

12频

abnormal depletion of water水的异常流失

The depletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere reduces the Earth's natural protection from harmful ultraviolet radiation.上层大气中臭氧层的消耗削弱了地球对有害紫外线的自然隔离。

131 descend/dɪˈsend/ v.下降;降临;陷入

15频

descend to a further depth进一步下滑

If early action is not taken, the economy would descend to a further depth.如果不及早采取行动,经济将进一步下滑。

132 describe/dɪˈskraɪb/ vt.描述;称为;形成……形状

326频

describe A as B把A称为B

例 Describe what you see when sodium is heated in chlorine and write a balanced equation for the reaction.描述当钠在氯气中加热时的情况,并写出该反应的平衡方程式。

133 description/dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n.描述;说明;类型

6频

a detailed/full description详尽说明

Write a brief description of what you would see in the reaction.简要描述你在该反应中会看到的情形。

134 desire/dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ v.渴望,期望

n.愿望;欲望

4频

the desire for sth.对某事或某物的渴望

The desired organic product was collected by distillation.通过蒸馏收集所需有机产品。

135 despite/dɪˈspaɪt/ prep.虽然,尽管,即使

6频

despite the fact that...尽管……

例 Despite its use as a rocket fuel, hydrazine does not burn spontaneously in oxygen.虽然联氨被用作火箭燃料,它遇到氧气却不会自燃。

136 destruction/dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n.摧毁,毁灭,破坏

2频

damage

weapons of mass destruction大规模杀伤性武器

Many people are very concerned about the destruction of the rainforests.热带雨林的破坏受到了广泛的关注。

137 detect/dɪˈtekt/ vt.查出,发现;发觉

detect tumours检测肿瘤

Explain why NMR spectroscopy can detect hydrogen atoms in molecules.请解释为什么核磁共振波谱法可以检测分子中的氢原子。

138 detector/dɪˈtektə(r)/ n.检测器;探测器;侦察器

2频

smoke detector烟雾检测器

The stream of ions is brought to a detector after being deflected by a strong magnetic field.离子流在因强磁场发生偏转后到达检测器。

139 detergent/dɪˈtɜːdʒənt/ n.洗涤剂,去垢剂

2频

liquid detergent洗涤液

The artificial‘musk ketone' is a perfume agent added to many cosmetics and detergents.人造麝香酮是一种芳香剂,很多化妆品和洗涤剂中都含有该成分。

140 determine/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v.确定;决定;是……的决定因素

407频

determine the cause查明原因

Use the data in the table to determine the order with respect to each reactant.使用表中的数据确定每种反应物的顺序。

141 diagram/ˈdaɪəɡræm/ n.示意图,简图,图表

443频

circuit diagram电路图

Show by means of a diagram how the disulfide cross-links are formed.请画出二硫键交联形成过程的示意图。

142 differ/ˈdɪfə(r)/ v.不同;持不同看法

14频

A differs from B A与B不同

How do the properties of P and Q differ? PQ的性质有何不同?

143 dimensional/daɪˈmenʃənl/ adj.维的;尺寸的

45频

three-dimensional structure三维结构

Draw a three-dimensional diagram to show the shape of an ammonia molecule.请画出氨分子的三维示意图。

144 diminish/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ v.减少,降低;贬低

2频

rapidly diminishing resources迅速消失的资源

The diminishing supply of crude oil has resulted in a number of initiatives to replace oil-based polymers with those derived from natural products.由于原油供应的减少,人们采取了一系列举措,用天然产品衍生的聚合物取代油基聚合物。

145 direction/dəˈrekʃn/ n.方向;趋势;目标

14频

under the direction of sb.在某人的指导下

The following equilibrium is an exothermic reaction in the forward direction.以下平衡式是一个正向放热反应。

146 directly/dəˈrektli/ adv.直接地;正好地;立刻

conj.…………

50频

directly opposite/below/ahead正对面/正下方/正前方

Sodium and silicon also react directly with chlorine to produce the chlorides shown.钠和硅也可以直接与氯反应,生成如所示的氯化物。

147 disadvantage/ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n.缺点;劣势,不利因素

16频

at a disadvantage处于劣势

Use your knowledge of hydrogen to suggest a disadvantage of these fuel cells in powering vehicles.请根据你对氢的认识说明这些燃料电池在为车辆提供动力方面有什么缺点。

148 disease/dɪˈziːz/ n.疾病;弊病,恶习

4频

heart disease心脏病

Some diseases are caused by changes in the structure of proteins.有些疾病是由蛋白质结构的变化引起的。

149 display/dɪˈspleɪ/ v.展示;显示

n.陈列;显示

1频

window display橱窗陈列

The type of variable will determine whether you display the data collected as a line graph or as a bar chart.变量的类型决定了你所收集的数据是通过折线图还是条形图展示出来。

150 disposal/dɪˈspəʊzl/ n.处理,清除;(企业、财产等的)变卖

13频

the disposal of nuclear waste核废料的处理

Which statement does not correctly describe a problem related to the disposal of PVC?关于聚氯乙烯处置问题,下列哪种说法不正确?

151 dissociate/dɪˈsəʊsieɪt/ v.离解;分离;表明与……没有关系

6频

dissociate A from B将A与B分开;声明A与B没有关系

Dicarboxylic acids dissociate in stages.二羧酸分阶段离解。

152 dissolve/dɪˈzɒlv/ v.溶解;解除;消散

71频

dissolve in sth.溶解于某物中

Why does aluminium oxide dissolve in sodium hydroxide solution?为什么氧化铝会溶解在氢氧化钠溶液中?

153 distance/ˈdɪstəns/ n.距离;远处;疏远

v.……疏远

7频

in the distance在远处

Calculate the mass of CO2 produced when the fuel-efficient car is driven for a distance of 100 km.计算节能型汽车行驶100公里时产生的二氧化碳质量。

154 distinguish/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ v.区分;使有别于;使出众

45频

differ

distinguish between A and B区分A和B

Describe a chemical test to distinguish between these two acids.请详述一种可以区分这两种酸的化学测试。

155 distribution/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n.分布;分发;分销

85频

the distribution of wealth财富分配

The Boltzmann distribution below shows the distribution of molecular energies in a sample of a gas at a given temperature.以下玻尔兹曼分布表示某气体样品在给定温度下的分子能量分布。

156 divide/dɪˈvaɪd/ v.分开;使产生分歧;除以

n.分歧

2频

divide sth. up把某物分开

例 Divide this solution equally into two test tubes.将此溶液平均分到两个试管中。

157 document/ˈdɒkjumənt/ n.文件;文档

vt.记载;用文件证明

317频

legal documents法律文书

Please prepare all the documents needed to apply for a passport.请准备好申请护照所需的所有文件。

158 donate/dəʊˈneɪt/ v.提供;捐赠,捐献

7频

contribute

donate one's blood献血

Acids are defined as substances that can donate hydrogen ions to bases.酸的定义是可以给碱提供氢离子的物质。

159 dose/dəʊs/ n.一剂;一次;一份

vt.……服药 vi.服药

1频

a lethal dose致死剂量

A large dose of nitrogen oxide, if inhaled, can be fatal and smaller quantities can have severe effects on breathing.吸入大剂量氮氧化物可能会致命,小剂量可能会对呼吸产生严重影响。

160 dotted/ˈdɒtɪd/ adj.有点的;遍布的

9频

dotted line虚线

The dotted curves below show the Boltzmann distribution for the same reaction at a higher temperature.下图中虚线显示了相同反应在较高温度下的玻尔兹曼分布。

161 dye/daɪ/ n.燃料

vt.染色

27频

dye one's hair染发

Indigo is the dye used in blue jeans.靛蓝是蓝色牛仔裤所使用的染料。