2.3 岩土力学 Rock and soil mechanics

（1）岩土物理特性 Rock（soil）physical properties

粒度 granularity

粒组 fraction

比表面积 specific surface area

颗粒级配 gradation of grain

限制粒径 constrained diameter

有效粒径 effective diameter

平均粒径 mean diameter，mean particle size

不均匀系数 coefficient of uniformity

比重 specific gravity

容重 unit weigth

密度 density

天然密度 natural density

饱和密度 saturated density

浮密度 submerged density

干密度 dry density

质量密度 mass density

重力密度 force（weight）density

相对密度 relative density

孔隙率 porosity

孔隙比 void ratio

紧密密度 compaction density

堆积密度 piling density

很松 very loose

松 loose

中密 medium dense

密 dense

很密 very dense

含水量（含水率） water content，moisture content

最优含水量 optimum water content

饱和度 degree of saturation

阿太堡限度 Atterberg limit

液限 liquid limit

塑限 plastic limit

缩限 shrinkage limit

塑性指数 plasticity index

液性指数 liquidity index

土的固结 consolidation of soil

先期固结压力 preconsolidation pressure

超固结比 over-consolidation ratio

正常固结土 normally consolidated soil

欠固结土 underconsolidated soil

次固结 secondary consolidation

固结度 consolidation degree

固结系数 consolidation coefficient

稠度状态 consistency state

固态 solid state

半固态 semi-solid state

塑态 plastic state

液态 liquid state

稠度试验 consistency test

土体的沉降 settlement of soil mass

初始压缩曲线 initial compression curve，virgin compression curve

现场初始压缩曲线 field initial compression curve

密实度 compactness

容许（允许）变形 allowable deformation

湿陷性黄土特性 characteristics of collapsible loess

湿陷系数 coefficient of collapsibility

自重湿陷系数 coefficient of self weight collapsibility

湿陷起始压力 initial collapse pressure

膨胀 expansion，swelling

膨胀系数 coefficient of expansion（swelling）

膨胀率 expansion ratio，specific expansion

膨胀速率 rate of swelling

饱和湿胀应力 saturation swelling stress

动力黏度 dynamic viscosity

运动黏度 kinematic viscosity

（2）岩土力学参数 Rock（soil）mechanical properties

岩石力学 rock mechanics

土力学 soil mechanics

各向同性 isotropy

各向异性 anisotropy

各向异性岩体 anisotropic rock mass

岩石强度 rock strength

抗压强度 compressive strength

单轴抗压强度 uniaxial compressive strength

无侧限抗压强度 unconfined compressive strength

干抗压强度 dry compressive strength

饱和抗压强度 saturated compressive strength

软化系数 softening coefficient

点荷载强度 point load strength

抗拉强度 tensile strength

单轴抗拉强度 uniaxial tensile strength

劈裂强度 splitting strength

抗弯强度（抗折强度） bending strength

岩体强度 rock mass strength

结构面强度 discontinuity strength

抗剪强度 shear strength

抗剪强度（纯摩强度） shear strength，shear-friction strength

抗剪断强度（剪摩强度） shear-rupture strength

摩擦系数 coefficient of friction

外摩擦角 angle of external friction

内摩擦角 angle of internal friction

黏聚力（凝聚力） cohesion

总应力强度 total stress strength

有效应力强度 effective stress strength

峰值强度 peak strength

残余强度 residual strength

长期强度 long term strength

极限强度 ultimate strength

破坏包线 failure envelope

岩石完整性指数 integrity index of rock

普氏坚固系数 M.M.Protogiakonov's coefficient

岩石质量指标 rock quality designation（RQD）

最小二乘法 least square method

优定斜率法 optimum slope method

点群中心法 point group center method

折减系数 reduction factor，coefficient of reduction

应力包络线 stress envelope

（3）岩土变形特性参数 Rock（soil）deformation properties

弹性模量 elasticity modulus

变形模量 deformation modulus

剪切模量 shear modulus

黏弹性模量 viscoelastic modulus

压缩模量 compression modulus

弹性变形 elastic deformation

塑性变形 plastic deformation

弹塑性变形 elastic-plastic deformation

黏弹性变形 viscoelastic deformation

黏滞塑性变形 visco-plastic deformation

均匀变形 homogeneous deformation，uniform deformation

不均匀变形 inhomogeneous deformation，non-uniform deformation

不可恢复变形 （永久变形） irreversible deformation

屈服变形 yield deformation

应变软化 strain softening

应变硬化 strain hardening

屈服强度 yield strength

屈服标准 yield criterion

屈服极限 yield limit

突变段 sharp transition

蠕变变形 creep deformation

蠕变破坏 creep rupture

蠕变曲线 creep curve

蠕变试验 creep test

流变 rheology，flowing deformation

流变特性 rheological behavior

（4）工程岩体分类 Classification of engineering rock mass

坝基岩体工程地质分类 engineering geological classification of rock mass for dam foundation

坚硬岩 hard rock

中硬岩 moderately hard rock

软质岩 soft rock

抗滑 sliding resistance

抗变形 deformation resistance

地下硐室围岩工程地质分类 engineering geological classification of surrounding rocks for underground chambers

岩体分类Q系统 Q-system of rock mass classification

围岩 surrounding rock

极好围岩 excellent surrounding rock

好围岩 good surrounding rock

一般围岩 fair surrounding rock

差围岩 poor surrounding rock

很差围岩 very poor surrounding rock

岩体评分系统 rock mass rating（RMR）

围岩稳定 surrounding rock stability

基本稳定 basically stable

局部不稳定 locally unstable

不稳定 unstable

非常不稳定 very unstable

长期稳定性 long-term stability

短期稳定性 short-term stability

整体稳定性 overall stability

岩体完整程度 rock mass integrity

完整 integral

较完整 relatively integral

完整性差 poorly integral

较破碎 relatively crushed

破碎 crushed

结构面发育程度 development degree of discontinuity

不发育 undeveloped

轻微发育 slightly developed

中等发育 moderately developed

较发育 relatively developed

发育 developed

很发育 very developed

岩体完整程度评分 rating of rock mass integrity

结构面状态评分 rating of discontinuity conditions

地下水条件评分 rating of ground water conditions

干燥到渗水 dry to seep

滴水 drip

线状流水 linear running water

涌水 water gushing

主要结构面产状评分 rating of orientation of main discontinuity

裂隙产状修正评分 rating adjustment for joint orientation

围岩总评分 total rating of surrounding rock

围岩强度应力比 strength-stress ratio of surrounding rock

岩体完整性 integrity of rock mass

岩体完整性系数 intactness coefficient of rock mass

（5）地应力 Geostatic stress

初始应力 initial stress

自重应力 self-weight stress

残余应力 residual stress

构造应力 tectonic stress

感生应力 induced stress

附加应力 superimposed stress

地应力场 ground stress field，geostatic stress field

主应力 principal stress

最大主应力 maximum principal stress

中间主应力 intermediate principal stress

最小主应力 minimum principal stress

应力水平 stress level

应力历史 stress history

应力状态 stress state

侧压力 lateral pressure

应力重分布 stress redistribution

周边应力 circumferential stress

应力集中 stress concentration

饼状岩芯 disk-shaped rock core

岩芯饼化 core disking

围岩应力 surrounding rock stress

岩石压力 rock pressure

应力松弛 stress relaxation

松弛区 relaxed zone

松动区 loosened zone

围岩偏压 non-uniform rock pressure