第16解

balance of probability

【英文】The points about the certificate standard contain objective truth，proof on a balance of probabilities，many levels of structures theory，and negation theory，but these theories deserve the study.

【译文】目前有关民事诉讼证明标准的学说主要有客观真实说、或然性权衡说、多层次说和否定说，但这些学说都值得商榷。

【解释】balance of probabilities是裁决民事纠纷时所采用的一项法定标准，它要求负有举证责任的一方当事人如实证明其主张。其证明越真实可靠，越有利于其主张。可译为“或然性权衡”。

再如：

In most common law and civil code jurisdictions，it is usually necessary to obtain a court order directing the registrar to issue a death certificate in the absence of a physician’s certification that an identified individual has died.However，if there is circumstantial evidence that would lead a reasonable person to believe that the individual is deceased on the balance of probabilities，jurisdictions may agree to issue death certificates without any such order.〔译文：在多数普通法和民法典司法区，如果没有医生证明，通常有必要申请一道法院命令，该命令可要求法院事务官签发一张证明某人死亡的证明书。然而，如果有间接证据使得一个正常人根据或然性权衡相信某人已经死亡，司法管辖区不需要法院的命令就可以同意签发死亡证明。〕