参考文献

[1] Boyd CM，McNabney MK，Brandt N，et al. Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity：an approach for clinicians：American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on the Care of Older Adults with Multimorbidity[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc，2012，60（10）：E1-E25.

[2] American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on the Care of Older Adults with Multimorbidity. Patient-centered care for older adults with multiple chronic conditions：a stepwise approach from the American Geriatrics Society[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc，2012，60（10）：1957-1968.

[3] Uhlig K，Leff B，Kent D，et al. A framework for crafting clinical practice guidelines that are relevant to the care and management of people with multimorbidity [J].J Gen Intern Med，2014，29：670-679.

[4] Skinner H G，Coffey R，Jones J，et al. The effects of multiple chronic conditions on hospitalization costs and utilization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the United States：a nationally representative crosssectional study [J]. BMC Health Services Research，2016，16（1）：1-8.

[5] 张可可，朱鸣雷，刘晓红．老年人“共病”问题概述[J]．中华老年多器官疾病杂志，2016，15（8）：587-590.

[6] 曾平，朱鸣雷，刘晓红．美国老年医学会发布共病老年患者的诊疗指导原则[J]．中华老年医学杂志，2013，32（2）：237-239.