完形填空考点精讲
一、词汇辨析考点
动词辨析
要看主语是人还是事物,主语可不可能发出这个动作。
【真题回放】Families have also_____changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents.
[A]survived
[B]noticed
[C]undertaken
[D]experienced
解析 四个选项均为动词,而且除[B]外,其他三项意义相近,因此需要从搭配上区分选项。survived(幸免于难;存活),其主语可以是人,也可以是物,但其宾语常是表示灾难的词, changes与其不搭配;[B]noticed(注意到)和[C]undertaken(承担;承诺)的主语通常是人。[D]experienced(经历;体验),主语可以是人,也可以是物,而且放在这里可以使句子通顺,故为答案。
【真题回放1】This group generally does well in IQ test, _____12~15 points above the mean value of 100.
[A]attaining
[B]scoring
[C]reaching
[D]calculating
解析 与所填动词搭配的宾语是12~15 points(12~15分)。四个选项中:attain(经过不懈努力达到……),宾语常为goal(目标)这样的词;reach(到达某个地方),不涉及努力程度,还可以表示“得出”或“伸出”,如reach a conclusion(得出结论), reach one’s hand(伸出手);calculate(通过计算得出),如calculate the area of a circle(计算出圆的面积);score(得分)在本句中的宾语恰是表示分数的词,故答案为[B]。
【真题回放2】Workers tended to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before_____a plateau and then slackening off.
[A]breaking
[B]climbing
[C]surpassing
[D]hitting
解析 [A]breaking“打破;突破”,与plateau不搭配。所填词须与a plateau(一种稳定状态)构成动宾搭配。plateau意为“稳定状态”,故可排除[B]和[C]。本题选[D]hitting,填入后该部分的意思是“……在达到一种稳定状态然后松懈之前”。
【真题回放】Successful safety programs may_____greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.
[A]alter
[B]differ
[C]shift
[D]distinguish
解析 四个词中只有[B]differ(不同于)是不及物动词并与介词in搭配,意为“在……方面不同”,故为答案。[A]alter(改变),[C]shift(改变;移动)和[D]distinguish(区分;使有别于)的后面常跟介词from或between,意为“从……中区别出来;不同于……”。
【真题回放】Not everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates_____anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.
[A]cover
[B]change
[C]range
[D]differ
解析 与from……to……能形成搭配的只有不及物动词range(变化),意为“在某一特定的范围内变化”,故答案为[C]。