考研英语轻巧过关:完形填空与阅读新题型
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名词辨析

1.名词作主语或宾语的时候,看主谓宾搭配是否合适

【真题回放1】This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send_____to the brain.

[A]signs

[B]stimuli

[C]messages

[D]impulses

解析 本题需要填入send(输送)的宾语,因此需要从动宾搭配角度来辨别答案。send/transmit messages(输送信息)为常见搭配。[A]signs(标记)的常见搭配为give/make a sign(示意);stimuli(刺激物)的常见搭配为response to/react to stimuli(对刺激做出反应);[D]impulses(推动;刺激)跟send不搭配,故答案为[C]。

【真题回放2】Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic_____was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.

[A]evidence

[B]guidance

[C]implication

[D]source

解析 根据前半句及修饰所填名词的限定词systematic(系统的)可知,该句意在表达一个比较确凿的“证据”,故所填词要与动词find构成动宾搭配,选项中只有[A]evidence(证据)符合要求,故为答案。

2.名词前后出现介词的时候,可以通过介词来判断

通过空格前后出现的介词首先排除不能与其搭配的选项,有时不同名词可以跟同一个介词搭配,这种情况下要根据文章想要表达的意思来选择答案。

【真题回放】Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in_____to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.

[A]return

[B]reply

[C]reference

[D]response

解析 空格前后的介词in和to限定了所填名词用于in……to的结构。in return与for连用,而不与to连用,意为“作为……的交换;作为……的报答”;in reply to(回答;答复),尤其指以口头或书面的方式对接收到的信息进行答复;in reference to(关于,有关);in response to[(对某事物)做出反应;回答;作为……的结果]。该句想要表达“未能超越自己的社会经济地位的结果就是……”,故只有[D]response(反应;回答)符合文义与结构要求。

3.注意名词的专业术语,找到它所在的领域

【真题回放】By 1830, the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million_____of these nations looked hopefully to the future.

[A]natives

[B]inhabitants

[C]peoples

[D]individuals

解析 从上下文很容易判断出这里说的是这些殖民地国家的“居民”。殖民地国家的人口复杂,既有本地人,又有外来者,因此只有[B]inhabitants(居民)最贴切, inhabitants泛指各国居民,故为答案。[A]natives(本地人),此处不止一个国家,所以排除;[C]peoples复数表示“民族”不符合文意;[D]individuals(个人)强调个体,而本句中泛指各国人口。