1.3 结论与展望
通过文献综述可以发现，信息觅食理论作为信息系统领域的一项基础理论，其发展大致经历了由基础模型到认知模型，再到行为预测模型的转变，且研究人员在拓展模型应用领域、提升模型准确性等方面仍在不断探索。此外，由于信息觅食理论对用户行为的良好解释力，大量学者将其应用于用户行为研究中，已经涌现出丰富的研究成果。这些成果主要集中在三个方面：“信息搜寻行为的影响因素研究”“信息系统设计和优化研究”“信息搜寻效率评估研究”。
然而，现有研究仍然存在着不足之处：①研究多使用横截面数据，但随着信息搜寻过程的持续，个体认知也在不断变化，对系统的熟悉程度是否会对信息搜寻行为及其效果产生影响还需要进一步探讨；②与信息线索相关的研究大多集中于信息线索的丰富度或与信息线索相关的用户感知，较少考虑信息线索的类型，且对于信息线索与注意力分配的研究还未得出一致的结论；③为了方便控制，多数研究采用了实验室实验的方式，来获取特定环境下用户点击流数据及用户浏览轨迹，且在模型构建与程序设计完成之后，未能对结果的外部有效性做进一步验证；④在效率评估研究中，对信息收益的衡量标准往往只考虑结果相关性或用户满意度，且在对工作绩效进行评估时，研究对象也仅局限于开发人员这一特定群体。
为了进一步完善信息觅食理论的相关研究，并弥补现有研究的不足，未来的研究方向可以总结为：①尝试在具有多种信息斑块的可变信息空间中预测人们的觅食行为，在此基础上进一步扩展PFIS模型，以提升其作为预测模型的准确性；②结合更多类型的信息线索，针对不同用户或不同环境的需求，在软件开发之外的环境中使用PFIS模型的准确性来进行有效的工具设计；③收集纵向研究数据，将由于时间作用而产生变化的影响因素考虑在内，进行基于时间变化的动态分析，并在探究因果关系的同时对各类因素的作用效果进行多方面的考量；④有关信息搜寻过程中注意力如何分配的研究问题，可尝试使用眼动追踪等方法，对现有研究存在的分歧进行分析，通过更多的讨论和梳理得出更具普遍性的结论；⑤丰富研究情境，使用日志文件获取更为客观的用户数据，进一步验证信息系统的设计思路和优化模型在真实网站中的实用性与适用性，此外，还可以对除导航系统以外不同类型的信息系统的设计及优化方案进行讨论；⑥可以考虑使用结果相关性及用户满意度相结合的方式来衡量信息收益，还可以进一步探索反映信息收益的其他因素，寻求更为有效的评估信息搜寻效率的方法；⑦针对不同的工作环境，应用信息觅食理论对电子商务平台、在线医疗系统、人工智能等其他领域内信息工作者的效率评估问题进行研究。
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