第2章

There are histories of numberless wars, both before the building of Rome and since its rise and the extension of its dominion; let these be read, and let one instance be cited in which, when a city had been taken by foreigners, the victors spared those who were found to have fled for sanctuary to the temples of their gods;(2) or one instance in which a barbarian general gave orders that none should be put to the sword who had been found in this or that temple.Did not AEneas see "Dying Priam at the shrine, Staining the hearth he made divine? "(3)Did not Diomede and Ulysses "Drag with red hands.the sentry slain, Her fateful image from your fane, Her chaste locks touch, and stain with gore The virgin coronal she wore?"4

Neither is that true which follows, that "Thenceforth the tide of fortune changed, And Greece grew weak."(5)For after this they conquered and destroyed Troy with fire and sword;after this they beheaded Priam as he fled to the altars.Neither did Troy perish because it lost Minerva.For what had Minerva herself first lost, that she should perish? Her guards perhaps? No doubt; just her guards.

For as soon as they were slain, she could be stolen.It was not, in fact, the men who were preserved by the image, but the image by the men.How, then, was she invoked to defend the city and the citizens, she who could not defend her own defenders?

CHAP.3.--THAT THE ROMANS DID NOT SHOW THEIRUSUAL SAGACITY WHEN THEY TRUSTED THAT THEY WOULD BE BENEFITED BY THE GODSWHO HAD BEEN UNABLE TO DEFEND TROY.

And these be the gods to whose protecting care the Romans were delighted to entrust their city! 0 too, too piteous mistake! And they are enraged at us when we speak thus about their gods, though, so far from being enraged at their own writers, they part with money to learn what they say; and, indeed, the very teachers of these authors are reckoned worthy of a salary from the public purse, and of other honors.There is Virgil, who is read by boys, in order that this great poet, this most famous and approved of all poets, may impregnate their virgin minds, and may not readily be forgotten by them, according to that saying of Horace, "The fresh cask long keeps its first tang."(1)Well, in this Virgil, I say, Juno is introduced as hostile to the Trojans, and stirring up AEolus, the king of the winds, against them in the words, "A race I hate now ploughs the sea, Transporting Troy to Italy, And home-gods conquered"(2)...

And ought prudent men to have entrusted the defence of Rome to these conquered gods? But it will be said, this was only the saying of Juno, who, like an angry woman, did not know what she was saying.What, then, says AEneas himself,--AEneas who is so often designated "pious?" Does he not say, "Lo! Panthus, 'scaped from death by flight, Priest of Apollo on the height, His conquered gods with trembling hands He bears, and shelter swift demands?"(3)Is it not clear that the gods (whom he does not scruple to call "conquered")were rather entrusted to AEneas than he to them, when it is said to him, "The gods of her domestic shrines Your country to your care consigns?"(4)If, then, Virgil says that the gods were such as these, and were conquered, and that when conquered they could not escape except under the protection of a man, what a madness is it to suppose that Rome had been wisely en-trusted to these guardians, and could not have been taken unless it had lost them!

Indeed, to worship conquered gods as protectors and champions, what is this but to worship, not good divinities, but evil omens?(5) Would it not be wiser to believe, not that Rome would never have fallen into so great a calamity had not they first perished, but rather that they would have perished long since had not Rome preserved them as long as she could? For who does not see, when he thinks of it, what a foolish assumption it is that they could not be vanquished under vanquished defenders, and that they only perished because they had lost their guardian gods, when, indeed, the only cause of their perishing was that they chose for their protectors gods condemned to perish? The poets, therefore, when they composed and sang these things about the conquered gods, had no intention to invent falsehoods, but uttered, as honest men, what the truth extorted from them.This, however, will be carefully and copiously discussed in another and more fitting place.

Meanwhile I will briefly, and to the best of my ability, explain what Imeant to say about these ungrateful men who blasphemously impute to Christ the calamities which they deservedly suffer in consequence of their own wicked ways, while that which is for Christ's sake spared them in spite of their wickedness they do not even take the trouble to notice; and in their mad and blasphemous insolence, they use against His name those very lips wherewith they falsely claimed that same name that their lives might be spared.In the places consecrated to Christ, where for His sake no enemy would injure them, they restrained their tongues that they might be safe and protected; but no sooner do they emerge from these sanctuaries, than they un-bridle these tongues to hurl against Him curses full of hate.

CHAP.4.--OF THE ASYLUM OF JUNO IN TROY, WHICHSAVED NO ONE FROM THE GREEKS; AND OF THE CHURCHES OF THE APOSTLES, WHICHPROTECTED FROM THE BARBARIANS ALL WHO FLED TO THEM.