Ⅱ Chapter of Review

B.2 Review of Development History of Shanghai Ecological Environmental Protection Policy

Shang Yongmin

Abstract: Since the reform and opening-up, the rapid economic growth in Shanghai has caused a series of environmental problems. Also, the ecological and environmental protection policies have gone through three stages of point source management and system construction（1979 -1999）, comprehensive management and overall promotion（2000 -2012）, and deepen governance people oriented （2013 -present）. In terms of focus, Shanghai's ecological and environmental protection policies have paid more attention to ecological protection and pollution prevention equally, also source control and whole-process control, concentration control and total control. People's well-being was paid more attention. In terms of ecological and environmental protection means, Shanghai's environmental laws and regulations have become more comprehensive and diversified. The market-oriented means and environmental protection supervision system have been strengthened, and international exchanges and regional cooperation in ecological and environmental protection were actively promoted. In terms of ecological and environmental protection subject, combination of top-down government promotion and bottom-up public participation were emphasized. Now ecological environment problems are still the weakness of Shanghai, and Shanghai has established the development goal of building excellent global city. Therefore, Shanghai needs to strengthen ecological space control system and mechanism innovation, increase emphasis on environmental protection supervision system implement, promote the mechanism construction of regional ecological environment protection integration, and strengthen social supervision and participation, etc.

Keywords: Ecological Environment, Environmental Protection Policies;Shanghai

B.3 Review of Shanghai Environmental Governance Development History

Ai Lili, Yang Yifan and Pei Bei

Abstract: During the past 40 years of rapid development since the reform and opening up, Shanghai successive municipal party committee and government have attached great importance to environmental protection by insisting sustainable development. A lot of beneficial explorations have been taken in the field of environmental protection and construction. The history of environmental protection development shows its unique along with the economic and social development. This paper aims to review the environmental protection work during the past 30 years, to analyze the milestone and historical process, to discuss the change accompany with the economic and social development, and to give the case analysis in key environmental protection area and key problem. The experience summed up will guide the environmental protection work in the new era and situation.

Keywords: Environmental Governance; Reform and Opening up;Shanghai

B.4 Trend Analysis and Review of Environmental Protection Market in Shanghai of Past 40 Years

Cao Liping

Abstract: Environmental protection market is the fundamental condition for developing environmental protection industry. Under the guidance of China's environmental protection and ecological civilization construction strategy, although Shanghai's environmental protection industry has taken root in the early stage of reform and opening up, the real environmental protection market in Shanghai was initially formed in the 1990s. Firstly, this paper reviews the development history of Shanghai environmental protection industry and its market for 40 years, and clarifies the connotation and classification of Shanghai environmental protection industry. Secondly, problems in the development of Shanghai's environmental protection market are analyzed through survey data. Finally, based on the development trend of global environmental protection market and foreign market of environmental protection cultivation experience, this paper argues that Shanghai should play a good "five centers" of the construction of the city function orientation, in many ways to speed up the cultivation in the market of environmental protection of the global city characteristics, play to the role of the Shanghai city dock source and flow and service market, establish environmental protection market is "made in Shanghai" and "Shanghai service" benchmarking; At the same time, in view of the problems existing in Shanghai's environmental protection market, it is suggested that Shanghai integrate and clarify the government's environmental protection management functions under the reform requirements of the ministry system. Give full play to the platform role of environmental protection industry associations and improve the environmental protection standard system; Promote business model innovation of environmental protection enterprises and improve environmental protection market performance; Advocate public participation in green consumption and stimulate local market demand for environmental protection.

Keywords: Environmental Protection Market; Reform and Opening Up

B.5 Review and Outlook on the Development of Urban Ecological Space in Shanghai

Cheng Jin

Abstract: The development of ecological space is a response to the increasingly severe urban ecological environment. Since the reform and opening up, in order to improve the urban ecological environment and meet the growing demand for ecological products of the residents, the urban ecological space in Shanghai has experienced four stages of development: brewing exploration, scale expansion, structural optimization and function enhancement, and an ecological spatial pattern of “Ring, wedge, gallery, garden and forest” was formed. Shanghai is making every effort to build a superior global city, ecological space is needed to combine with urban quality and citizen demand. Shanghai is still facing similar challenges in further improving the level of urban ecological space development, such as the incomplete system of ecological space construction management, the uneven distribution of ecological space supply and demand, and the limited potential for ecological space scale growth. Drawing on the development trend of urban ecological space, Shanghai needs to build a diversified institutional innovation of government-led, market operation and public participation, promote the integration development of different types and functional of ecological spaces, innovate the path of urban ecological space expansion, optimize the components of the ecological space and promote the performance management of the ecological red line.

Keywords: Urban Ecological Space; Planning; Evolution

B.6 Review of the History of Shanghai's Participation in Regional Environmental Cooperation

Hu Jing, Dai Jie, Wang Qiang, Huang Lei and Li Yuehan

Abstract: The environmental protection cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta stemmed from the regional economic cooperation and development framework and has lasted for almost 20 years. Especially since the establishment of regional air pollution cooperation mechanism in early 2014 and water pollution cooperation mechanism in the end of 2016, the regional environmental quality has been significantly improved. In November 2018, President Xi Jinping officially announced the regional integration development of Yangtze River Delta as a national strategy at the China International Import Expo held the first time, which shall give the Yangtze River Delta an unprecedented development opportunity. However, at present, the environmental protection cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta still has some problems on the implementation of the coordination mechanism, the information sharing mechanism, the cross-border management, and the integration of regional development planning, etc. How to further deepen and optimize the environmental protection cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta in the future? How should Shanghai, as the bridgehead of the Yangtze River Delta, fully take the lead and promote the high-quality development of regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta? This article will discuss the above issues on the basis of reviewing Shanghai's participation in the regional environmental cooperation process.

Keywords: Yangtze River Delta; Environmental Collaboration; Integrated Development

B.7 Review and Suggestions on Industrial Green Transformation of Shanghai

Chen Ning

Abstract: Industrial green transformation refers to the process in which a country or region minimizes the adverse impact on resources and environment while the industry continues to develop. After the reform and opening up, Shanghai continued to promote the industrial green transformation through strategic adjustment of industrial structure, optimization of industrial layout, pollution prevention and treat of industrial area, and industrial energy conservation and emission reduction. After 40 years of adjustment and governance, Shanghai's industrial green transformation has achieved remarkable results, achieving the decoupling of industrial pollutant emissions from industrial development. In the future, we should focus on minimizing the impact of industrial development on resources and environment, guiding the green transformation of industry with systematic thinking, exploring new modes of improving energy efficiency, aligning with international advanced manufacturing models, and promoting environmental technology innovation.

Keywords: Shanghai; Industry; Green Transformation; Reform And Opening Up