主编导读
Editor's Introduction
新时代的城市与区域规划
Urban and Regional Planning in the New Era
The socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era: China's average annual growth of GDP is over 7.2%, far exceeding the 2.5% world average, which make China the most powerful engine for the world economy. The growth rate of China's per capita income is higher than that of GDP, showing the outstanding improvement of people's living standard. With the Two-Child Policy in full operation, the demographic imbalance of China is gradually getting better. Moreover, the number of Chinese people living in poverty has decreased for 60 million, which equals the population of a European country. In the field of science and technology, China's high-speed train, spacelab, bathyscaph, radio telescope, quantum satellite, giant aircraft, super computer, and artificial intelligence industry has reached up or even overtaken the world's top level. In terms of natural resources, the strictest environmental protection system in Chinese history has been established, launching the biggest war against pollution ever. In the future, China will have built a moderately prosperous society in all aspects by 2020,and accomplished socialistic modernization by 2035. Before the middle of this century, China will have become a prosperous, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful modern socialistic power, which is a dream that everyone is longing and endeavoring for. Moreover, China will become the first country in the world that gets rid of poverty, enter modernization, and embrace common prosperity with an over-one-brillion population. Before long, China will become the world's biggest economy and international market.
In this new era, all kinds of industries in China are progressing swiftly, allowing urban and regional planning to have bigger impact on the field of science and technology. Urban planners, as social decision-maker and consultant, are absolutely becoming more significant. In this issue, articles are centered around urban and regional planning in the new era. They propose new values of urban planning, explore new branches of urban planning theories, develop new methodologies of urban planning research, and push the boundaries of innovation of urban and regional planning under new context.
In Feature Articles, UN-Habitat proposes an“International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning （Chinese Version）,”which includes 12 principles for planning practice and aims at guiding decision-makers to make and revise policies, planning, and design projects better. On the international level, it emphasizes on leading investment, fighting against environmental problems such as climate change and poor energy efficiency, promoting cross-regional integration and coordination, reducing risks of natural disasters, and improving sustainable management of common natural resources. On the national level, it insists on improving regional scale economy and economic agglomeration, improving productivity and prosperity, reinforcing urban-rural relation and capacity of solving climate change, reducing risks of natural disasters and energy consumption, solving social and spatial inequity, and promoting integration and coordination between developed and underdeveloped regions. On the city level, it advocating prioritizing investments, coordinating insular urban regions, and protecting environmentally sensitive areas through land-use planning. It also emphases on intensifying, economizing, and optimizing land-use, reducing traffic and basic service cost, creating more urban green space, intensifying residence and economy, and promoting interaction of different communities. On the community level, it calls on improving urban quality, cohesion, and inclusiveness, protecting local resources, pushing communities to join the management of public goods and financial budget, reducing spatial segregation, bettering spatial connectivity, improving social security and democracy, and strengthening people's sense of social responsibility. A Students' Forum themed on “Goals, Methods, and Values of Urban Planning” was held to explore related topics further. The article “Re-claiming the Value of Place and Multi-Participation: The Place-Making Act in America and Its Implication for China's Urban Renewal” introduces an insightful research on the concept of equal planning.
In Global Perspectives, Zhao Juanjuan, researcher from the department of urban development, school of architecture, Technical University Munich, illustrates the spatial preference for residence and workplace of knowledge workers. In this new era, the biggest challenge and task for China is to increase the quality of economic development and solve “the contradiction between people's growing need for a better life and uneven and insufficient development.” Given that, knowledge workers will be the engine for the innovation of knowledge-intensive industries, the core element for future development, and the key competence for our country. As people who carry, transmit, share, create, and use knowledge, knowledge workers have their own values, life styles, and spatial preference which remain unrevealed. Investigating their preference on residence, workplace, and commute will help us know how they impact on the prosperity of urban core area and metropolis.
It is inevitable that China will encounter new problems under new context. “The contradiction between people's growing need for a better life and uneven and insufficient development” firstly shows on the uneven and insufficient development of regions. As economic development and social transformation speeds up, this contradiction will be intensified, and the most effective way to solve it is to strengthen regional governance and insist on “multiple planning integration and coordination.” From this perspective, three articles have been selected. “Improving the System of Regional Spatial Planning” by Mr. Hu Xuwei, an outstanding urban and region planning scientist and economic geography scientist, is re-issued to talk about strengthening the management, technique, and practice of the planning of national, regional, and urban territory. It also encourages coordinating multi-level planning. In “Process and Trend of Spatial Planning in China” by Prof. Gu Chaolin, he systematically illustrates the evolution of China's regional （spatial） planning, and holds the point that it is necessary to strengthen the important position and role of spatial planning in order to finding out solutions for the problems of China's urban and regional development. Based on the pilot reform of the existing spatial planning system, China's urban planning system will be perfected by launching the “1 + X” spatial planning system. In “Government Power and Responsibility Division in the Reform of ‘Multiple Plans Coordination and Integration’” by Xuan Xiaowei, he discusses about how to divide government power and responsibility properly through adjusting the identical pattern of planning systems of central and local government. In central level, he recommends the integration mode of planning system. In local level, he recommends the coordination mode.
In terms of urban planning methodology, researches based on social network analysis as well as Space Syntax were selected. Moreover, “Study on Beijing's Industrial Upgrading and Its Regional Space Reformation” and “The Evolution of Living Environment in Xiong'an Region” were selected to discuss the planning of Beijing metropolitan region.
Rural revitalization strategy has been the starting point of China's new era. In this issue, two pioneer research results, “Technical Guidelines for the Compilation of Township Planning （Draft）” and “Transformation of Rural Villages and Habitat System Planning from the Perspective of Smart Shrinkage: A Case of Wuhan, China,” were selected to discuss planning in rural area.
China has now entered a new era. China's urban and regional planning, under new circumstances, will undoubtedly be full of vitality. Therefore, we look forward to establishing a better academic exchange platform and sharing more research achievements with our readers.
中国特色社会主义建设进入了新时代。中国经济年均增长7.2%，远远高于同期世界的2.5%，继续成为拉动世界经济的第一引擎；中国人民收入增幅超GDP增幅，生活更安全更舒适；全面实施两孩政策，正在改善国家人口不平衡结构；贫困人口减少6 000多万，相当于欧洲一个大国的人口；高速铁路、空间实验室、深潜器、射电望远镜、量子卫星、大飞机、超级计算机、人工智能等高新技术并行赶超世界水平；建立最严格的生态环境保护制度，发起史上最大规模污染治理之战。展望未来，在2020年中国全面建成小康社会后，到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，到本世纪中叶将建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。这样的新时代让人憧憬，令人神往。这将创造人类历史上第一个10亿以上人口共同迈入现代化的奇迹，这表明中国将历史性地摆脱绝对贫困并走向共同富裕。也就是说，一个经济总量世界第一、国际贸易最大市场将会展现在世界面前。
新时代是中国各行各业奋发前行累积成就的时代，新时代的城市与区域规划无疑将发挥更强大的科技作用，规划师也必将能够在中国新时代的征程中不断展示规划决策咨询的风采。本期主题围绕新时代的城市与区域规划，倡导新时代的规划价值观，探索规划理论的新触角，累积规划研究的新方法，为新时代的繁荣发展推动城市与区域规划领域创新。
“特约专稿”联合国人居署“城市与区域规划国际准则”，在综合的规划过程中提出了12条原理，旨在指导决策者制定和修订政策、规划、设计，强调在跨（国）境层面，直接引导投资，应对气候变化和能源效率等全球性问题，推动跨境区域内的城市地区整合扩展，降低自然灾害的风险，改善共有自然资源的可持续管理；在国家层面，利用现有及规划中的经济支柱和大型基础设施，支撑、构建和平衡国家城镇体系，从而完全释放其经济潜力；在城市区域和大都市层面，不断提升区域的规模经济和集聚经济效应，提高生产力和繁荣程度，加强城乡联系和适应气候变化影响的能力，降低灾害风险和能耗强度，应对社会和空间不平等问题，以及促进增长地区和衰落地区的地域融合与互补；在城市层面，对投资决策进行优先排序，鼓励彼此割离的城市地区之间协同互动，通过土地利用规划保护环境敏感地区，集约节约利用土地，优化土地的利用，最大程度地降低交通和服务供应成本，支持城市开放空间的保护和布局，提高居住和经济密度，促进社区的社会融合；在社区层面，提高城市质量、社会凝聚力和包容性，保护当地资源，推动社区参与城市公共品的管理、规划和财政预算，减少空间隔离，改善空间连通性，提升社会安全和抵御能力，促进地方民主，提高社会责任感。“研究生论坛”栏目“城市规划目标、方法与价值观”就相关内容进一步展开解读；“重申地方价值与多方参与——美国地方营建及其对我国城市更新的启示”就平等规划理念进行探索。
本期“国际快线”介绍慕尼黑工业大学建筑学院城市发展所赵娟娟的最新研究综述：“知识工作者”。毫无疑问，对于进入社会主义新时代的中国而言，不断提高经济发展的质量，解决“人民日益增长的对美好生活的需要和不平衡、不充分的发展之间的矛盾”，知识工作者将是知识密集型企业的创新“引擎”、未来发展的关键要素和核心竞争力。作为携带、传递、交流、创造及利用知识的知识工作者，他们的价值观、生活方式、区位偏好是什么？在居住、工作和通勤方面具有什么与众不同的特征？对促进城市中心区繁荣和大都市区发展有多大的影响？相关的研究值得期待探索。
中国进入新时代，也会遇到新问题。“人民日益增长的对美好生活的需要和不平衡、不充分的发展之间的矛盾”首先表现为区域发展不平衡、不充分问题，而且随着经济增长加速和社会发展转型，矛盾将会进一步尖锐和激化。缓解和最终解决这一问题与矛盾最有效的手段是强化区域治理，推进“多规合一”的国家空间规划体制改革。本期就此刊发三篇文章，“经典集萃”重新刊出著名城市与区域规划学家、经济地理学家胡序威的“健全地域空间规划体系”，倡导从国家治理出发加大国土空间和城市与区域规划的行政、技术和实施力度，实现全国多层次的空间综合协调规划和治理；顾朝林的“论我国空间规划的过程和趋势”，比较系统地论述了我国区域（空间）规划的发展过程，认为面对中国城市与区域发展问题，需要强化空间规划的重要地位和作用，在现有空间规划体系改革试点的基础上，加快建立健全我国“1+X”空间规划体系；宣晓伟“‘多规合一’改革中的政府事权划分” 一文系统全面地论述了通过推进“多规合一”改革，以实现空间事权在横向职能部门之间和纵向各级政府之间合理划分的设想，即打破目前中央和地方“事权共担、部门同构”下各层级规划体系“上下一般粗”的格局，按照“治理现代化”的要求构建中央层面遵循“协调”模式和地方层面遵循“整合”模式的空间事权划分类型。
本期在规划研究方法领域发表基于社会网络分析和空间句法的最新研究成果，在大都圈规划刊出“北京产业升级重组与区域空间重构研究”以及“雄安地区人居环境之演进”。
乡村振兴战略是中国新时代新征程的开篇之作，本刊将持续推出最新研究成果。本期刊出“乡域规划编制技术导则（草案）”以及“基于精明收缩的乡村发展转型与聚落体系规划——以武汉市为例”。
中国进入新时代，毫无疑问，新时代的城市与区域规划将充满活力，期待大家分享研究成果，构建学术交流平台。