Abstract

Local chronicles began to appear from the pre-Qin period. After the compilation practice of Han，Wei，Sui and Tang dynasties，the system of Song Dynasty was basically confirmed. After the Yuan dynasty，the types of local chronology were increasing day by day，and show distinctive characteristics of the times and regional features. In the long history of the development of local chronicles，modern local chronicles not only inherited the ancient local chronicles，but also promoted the basic stereotypes of modern local history records and realized the major transformation of local history records.

The large-scale establishment of the Tongzhi Bureau in the Republic of China benefited from the administrative promotion by the Ministry of the Interior of Nanjing National Government. Through the investigation of historical background，historical process and operation patterns of the Tongzhi Bureau in Shandong，Anhui，Yunnan，Henan，Suiyuan，Shaanxi，Hebei，Gansu，Rehe，Shanghai，Guangdong，Xinjiang，Chahar，Hubei，studying the history of the Tongzhi Bureau，and exploring the innovation of patterns of compilation，and formation of the theory of local chronicles，and innovation of the style of local chronicles，which may provide important support for exploring the history of modern chronicles in transition and development.

It is true that the formal unification of the national government by the Nanjing National Government provided the objective conditions for the large-scale establishment of the Tongzhi Bureau in the Republic of China. The promulgation of the “Outline of the Compilation of Local Chronicles” by the Ministry of the Interior provided the policy basis for the establishment of the Tongzhi Bureau in various provinces and cities System security. From the founding and operation of Tongzhi Bureau in various provinces and cities during this period，it can be seen that the pattern of government-led，scholar-led and extensive social participation has been formed.

The formation of the above-mentioned record-setting pattern had profoundly influenced the compilation of local records in various provinces and cities. Due to various reasons，there were great differences in the choice of editing mode，the formation of the concept of compiling the records and the formulation of the format of the records. Therefore，the historical process and the influencing factors of the transformation of the modern chronicles were more diverse，which reflects the complex historical scene of the transformation of the modern chronicles.

What needs to be pointed out is that since it was in a relatively stable period and was regarded as the golden age of the founding of the Republic of China，it was also a crucial period for the transformation and development of modern chorography. In the light of the historical context of the Tongzhi Bureau in the Republic of China，it is undoubtedly an important step in revealing the inner logic of the modern local history in order to explore the formation of the pattern of compilation，the selection of the mode of editing，the evolution of the theory of the chorography，and the history style of the chorography.

The situation of large-scale compilation of local chronicles in the Republic of China was broken due to the arrival of the Japanese army invaded China，leading to the infiltration of the development process of China’s proclamation hall. With the outbreak of the “September 18th” Incident and the evolution of the Japanese invasion of China，Fengtian，Rehe，Hebei，Chahar，Anhui，Shanghai，Guangdong and Hubei successively fell into contention. Due to the invasion of the war，the compilation was forced to interrupt，and the draft failed to print. The social unrest caused by the Japanese invasion of China has caused serious interference and blow to the operation of the Tongzhi Bureau of the Republic of China，which has led to the twists and turns in the transformation of the modern local records. The Republic of China’s compilation has been heavily branded as “Compilation Under the Chaos”，and the process of modern local records’ transformation became more complicated，which showed the evolution of the Japanese invasion policy and the dynamic adjustment of the operation of the Tongzhi Bureau in the Republic of China，the twists and turns of the Tongzhi Bureau under the pseudo-regime，the innovation of local records’ style in the context of cultural resistance，and the proposal and elaboration of the concept of “Local Records Culture” under the background of the War of Resistance Against Japan.

The continuation of the transformation of modern chronicles is accompanied by the restoration and reconstruction of the Tongzhi Bureau in the Republic of China. Since 1941，Jiangxi Tongzhi Bureau was established，including Tongzhi Bureau in Sichuan，Guangxi，Yunnan，Zhejiang，Ningxia，Shanghai，Nanjing and Taiwan，have been resumed or established. Most of these Tongzhi Bureau were restored or established at the strategic stalemate stage of the Anti-Japanese War in China. They were the main characteristics of the war logos，while the historical logic of the restoration and rebuilding of the Tongzhi Bureau in the Republic of China contradicted the definition of the history of the Anti-Japanese War. It reflected not only the persistent pursuit of the Chinese traditional culture of Tongzhi Bureau，but also the profound thinking of the people on the value and significance of “Local Records Culture”.

The application of the “Scientific Method” to the practice of compilation was a major feature of the operation of the Tongzhi Bureau in various provinces and cities during the restoration and reconstruction phase. Deferent from compilators paid attention to the theoretical discussion of “Local Recorder Studies” and “Scientific Method” in the period of the large-scale establishment of Tongzhi Bureau，the people of Tongzhi Bureau explored the application of “Scientific Methods” from the practice of compilation，They studied the styles，articles，contents and editing techniques and methods of the old ambitions，which greatly highlighted the scientific and contemporary characteristics of local records，which was the result of the continuous sublimation of the local records theory after thorough research，and the inevitable requirement of the combination of practice and theory.

Due to the special historical background of the restoration and reconstruction phase，the operation of the Tongzhi Bureau during this period was seriously disturbed by the current situation and the political situation. On the one hand，the threat of the Japanese invasion of China has a serious impact on the compilation of local history records；on the other hand，the official operation background of the Tongzhi Bureaus made it difficult for them to avoid political disturbances，and reflected the political ecology and political trend of the national government.

In short，the Tongzhi Bureaus founded in the early days of the founding of the Nanjing National Government，experienced three stages：the pre-Anti-Japanese boom，the end of wartime and the post-war restoration and reconstruction. The formation of the government presided over the establishment of scholarship，compilation of scholarship，interactive pattern of the repair. Taking the Tongzhi Bureaus as the perspective of investigation，this paper explores the historical process of the transformation and development of modern chorography，reveals the national will and local consciousness，nationalism and local concept，old value system and new knowledge form，tradition in the context of the drastic changes in modern Chinese society. It is not only important for us to guide the editing of new local chorography and local chronicles system and system construction，but also for our country’s cultural system reform and new era society constructivism and cultural power to provide important historical reference and theoretical support.

Keywords：Tongzhi Bureaus；Local Recorder Studies；Local Chronicles；Local Recorder Transformation