1.22 [22] 景公将伐宋梦二丈夫立而怒晏子谏

齐景公将要讨伐宋国梦见两个人怒视自己，晏子进谏

【原文】

景公举兵将伐宋，师过泰山，公梦见二丈夫立而怒，其怒甚盛。公恐，觉，辟门召占瞢者，至。公曰：“今夕吾梦二丈夫立而怒，不知其所言，其怒甚盛，吾犹识其状，识其声。”占瞢者曰：“师过泰山而不用事，故泰山之神怒也。请趣召祝史祠乎泰山则可。”公曰：“诺。”明日，晏子朝见，公告之如占瞢之言也。公曰：“占梦者之言曰：‘师过泰山而不用事，故泰山之神怒也。’今使人召祝史祠之。”晏子俯有间，对曰：“占梦者不识也，此非泰山之神，是宋之先，汤与伊尹也。”公疑，以为泰山神。晏子曰：“公疑之，则婴请言汤、伊尹之状也。汤质皙而长，颜以髯，兑上〔而〕丰下，倨身而扬声。”公曰：“然，是已。”“伊尹黑而短，蓬而髯，丰上〔而〕兑下，偻身而下声。”公曰：“然，是已。今若何？”晏子曰：“夫汤、太甲、武丁、祖乙，天下之盛君也，不宜无后。今惟宋耳，而公伐之，故汤、伊尹怒，请散师以平宋。”景公不用，终伐宋。晏子（公）曰：“伐无罪之国，以怒明神，不易行以续蓄，进师以近过，非婴所知也。师若果进，军必有殃。”军进再舍，鼓毁将殪。公乃辞乎晏子，散师，不果伐宋。

【今译】

齐景公起兵要去讨伐宋国，大军经过泰山时，景公梦见两个人怒气冲冲地站在自己面前，气得很厉害。景公恐惧，从梦中惊醒，连忙关上门并悄悄召来解梦的人。景公说：“今夜我梦见两个人怒气冲冲地站在我面前，不知道他们说了什么，只看见他们气得很厉害，我还能记得他们的模样，辨识出他们的声音。”解梦的人说：“大军路过泰山而不举行祭祀，所以泰山的山神发怒了。请您赶快召见祝史祭祀泰山神就可以了。”景公说：“好。”第二天，晏子来朝见景公，景公把解梦人的话告诉了晏子。景公说：“解梦人讲：‘大军路过泰山而不祭祀，所以泰山的山神发怒了。’现在我已经派人命令祝史去祭祀泰山山神了。”晏子低头想了一会儿，回答道：“解梦的人不清楚，这两个人不是泰山的山神，而是宋国的先祖，商汤和伊尹。”景公不相信，认为他们就是泰山神。晏子说：“您如果不信的话，那就让我描述一下商汤和伊尹的相貌吧。商汤皮肤白皙，身材高大，脸长有胡须，脸型上窄下丰，身体微曲但说话声音洪亮。”景公说：“是的，就是这样。”晏子又说：“伊尹皮肤黑个子矮，头发蓬松而有胡须，额头宽阔下巴略尖，身形佝偻，说话声音低沉。”景公说：“是的，就是这样。那现在应该怎么办呢？”晏子说：“商汤、太甲、武丁、祖乙，这都是天下有名的圣君，不应该绝后。现在（他们的后裔）只有宋国，您却派兵去征讨，所以商汤和伊尹发怒，请您撤回军队和宋国和好吧。”景公不听晏子的谏言，终于伐宋。晏子说：“讨伐无罪的国家来激怒神明，不改变伐宋的行为来和宋国重修旧好，进军就是靠近灾祸，这样的做法不是我所能理解的。军队如果坚持前进，那么士兵们一定会遭殃。”军队前进了六十里，果然鼓毁将亡。景公于是向晏子表示谢意，撤回军队，不再继续伐宋。

Duke Jing raised an army and was about to attack Song. When the army was passing Mount Tai,^[2] he saw in his dream two men standing before him w ith a furious expression on their faces—their fury was extreme. The Duke woke up in fear,closed the door and summoned the diviner of dreams,who arrived.

The Duke said: “Tonight I dreamed that two men stood before me with a furious expression on their faces,and I did not understand their words. Their fury was extreme. I still retain their looks and voices in my mind.”

The diviner of dreams said: “Your army passed Mount Tai w ithout offering a sacrifice and therefore the spirits of the mountain are angry. Please immediately summon the Invocator and the Scribe to offer a sacrifice at Mount Tai and then everything w ill be in order.”

The Duke said: “Very well.”

The next day,Yanzi was received for an audience and the Duke told him what the diviner of dreams had said.

The Duke said: “These were the words of the diviner of dreams: ‘Your army was passing along M ount Tai and you did not offer a sacrifice. Therefore,the spirits of Mount Tai are angry.’ Now I am sending someone to summon the Invocator and the Scribe to offer a sacrifice to the spirits.”

Yanzi bowed his head for a short while and replied: “This was beyond the understanding of the diviner of dreams. These were not the spirits of Mount Tai,but rather Tang and Yi Yin,the ancestors of Song.”^[3]

The Duke remained skeptical and continued to think of them as the spirits of Mount Tai.

Yanzi said: “If you are skeptical,my Lord,then please let me describe the figures of Tang and Yi Yin. Tang had pale skin and was tall. He had whiskers on his chin.^[4] The upper part of his face was narrow^[5] and the lower part broad. He had upright posture and a high voice.”

The Duke said: “Right,that’s the one.”

“Yi Yin had dark skin and was short. He had disheveled hair and whiskers. The upper part of his face was broad and the lower part narrow.^[6] He had a humpback and a low voice.”

The Duke said: “Right,that’s the one. What should be done now?”

Yanzi said: “Tang,Taijia,Wuding and Zuyi^[7] were mighty rulers of the world and it is improper that they have no successors. Yet,their successors have only Song,and you are going to attack it,my Lord. Therefore,Tang and Yi Yin are furious. Please disband your troops and make peace w ith Song.”

Duke Jing did not heed the advice and ultimately attacked Song.

Yanzi said: “To attack a guiltless state and to infuriate the illustrious spirits thereby; to refuse to change a pattern of action and thereby to continue to accumulate distresses; to advance armies and in so doing suffer great misfortune^[8]—all these are beyond my understanding. If in fact your army does advance,this w ill certainly have a disastrous effect on the troops.”

The troops advanced to a distance that required camping for two nights;^[9] then,the drums were smashed and the general died.

Thereupon,the Duke apologized to Yanzi,disbanded the troops,and ultimately did not attack Song.

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注释

[1]Cf. Lunheng,63/278/4.

[2]One of the Five Sacred Peaks (五岳): M ount Tai 泰山 in Shandong (East); Mount Heng 衡山 in Hunan (South); Mount Hua 华山 in Shaanxi (West); Mount Heng 恒山 in Shanxi (North) and Mount Song 嵩山 in Henan (Center).

[3]Tang is Emperor Cheng Tang. Yi Yin was his worthy m inister.

[4]颐→颜 (YZCQ-ICS ,9,n. 2).

[5]锐→兑 ( YZCQ-ICS,9,n.3).

[6]锐→兑 ( YZCQ-ICS,10,n.1).

[7]Tang 汤 (1766–1754 BCE),Taijia 太甲 (1753–1721 BCE),Wuding 武丁 (1324–1266 BCE) and Zuyi 祖乙 (1525–1507 BCE) w ere famous Emperors of the Shang (Yin) dynasty and the ancient forefathers of the State of Song.

[8]过→祸,(JS,83/16).

[9]She 舍: a distance of about thirty li 里,or the area of a night encampment for the troops.