1.23 [23] 景公从畋十八日不返国晏子谏

齐景公田猎十八天不返回国都，晏子进谏

【原文】

景公畋于署梁，十有八日而不返。晏子自国往见公。比至，衣冠不正，不革衣冠，望游而驰。公望见晏子，下而急带曰：“夫子何为遽〔乎〕？国家〔得〕无有故乎？”晏子对曰：“不亦急也！虽然，婴愿有复也。国人皆以君为安野而不安国，好兽而恶民，毋乃不可乎？”公曰：“何哉？（吾）为夫妇狱讼之不正乎？则泰士子牛存矣；为社稷宗庙之不享乎？则泰祝子游存矣；为诸侯宾客莫之应乎？则行人子羽存矣；为田野之不辟，仓库之不实〔乎〕？则申田存焉；为国家之有余不足聘乎？则吾子存矣。寡人之有五子，犹心之有四支，心有四支，故心得佚焉。今寡人有五子，故寡人得佚焉，岂不可哉！”晏子对曰：“婴闻之，与君言异。若乃心之有四支，而心得佚焉，〔则〕可（得）；令四支无心，十有八日，不亦久乎！”公于是罢畋而归。

【今译】

齐景公到署梁去打猎，过了十八天还没有返回国都。晏子从国都出发去见景公。到了署梁，衣冠不整也不收拾，望见游猎的队伍就快马驰去。景公远远看见了晏子，赶忙下马束紧腰带，问道：“您怎么这样急匆匆的？难道国内出了什么变故吗？”晏子回答说：“也没什么急事！即便这样，我还是想向您汇报。国内的人都觉得您喜欢在野外打猎而不喜欢在都城内处理政务，喜欢野兽而厌恶百姓，这恐怕不可以吧？”景公说：“为什么呢？是因为我审理夫妻间的诉讼案件不公正吗？那泰士子牛在呀；是因为社稷与宗庙没有得到祭祀吗？那泰祝子游在呀；是因为诸侯宾客的事宜没人处理吗？那行人子羽在呀；是因为土地没有开辟，仓库中的粮食不够充足吗？那申田在呀；是因为国家的盈余不足无人管理吗？那有您在呀。我有你们五位辅佐，就像人的心有四肢一样，心有了四肢，所以心能得到安逸。现在我有你们五位大臣辅佐，所以我也能得到安逸，怎么不可以呢！”晏子回答道：“我所听说的和您说的不一样。如果说心有四肢而能得到安逸，这是可以的；但让四肢失去心十八天，不是太久了吗！”景公于是停止田猎回到国都。

Duke Jing went hunting in Shuliang^[2] and he did not return for eighteen days. Yanzi left the capital and went to see the Duke. When he arrived,his gown and headgear were aw ry,but he did not tie the belts of the gown and the headgear. When Yanzi saw the tassels of the Duke’s flags,he galloped towards him.

When the Duke saw Yanzi,he stepped down from his chariot,hurriedly fastened his belt and said: “Master,why you are in such a rush,is there any alarming situation in the state?”

Yanzi answered: “Surely there is no emergency; and yet,I would like to report to you as follows: A ll the people in the state think that you,my Lord,are more at ease in the open fields than in the capital,and that you are fond of w ild animals and dislike the people. Is that not unacceptable?”

The Duke said: “What can you possibly mean? Is it because of the unjust settlement of legal suits between man and w ife? For that matter,Ziniu,the Judge,is there.^[3] Is it because sacrifices are not offered at the altars of soils and grain,and in the ancestral temples? For that matter,Ziyou,the Senior Invocator,is there.^[4] Is it because there is no one who receives the regional princes and official guests? For that matter,Ziyu,the Master of Protocol,is there. Is it because the fields are not cultivated and because the granaries are not full? For that matter,the Manager of Agriculture is there.^[5] Is it because of surpluses or shortages in the state?^[6] For that matter,you,my Master,are there. M y having these five masters is like the heart having four limbs. It is because the heart has four limbs that it can relax. It is because I now have five masters that I can relax. How could this not be proper?”

Yanzi said: “What I have heard is different from what you have said. As for the heart having four limbs and relaxing—this may well be. But if the four limbs are made to exist without the heart for eighteen days,is this not too long?”

Thereupon,the Duke stopped the hunt and came home.

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注释

[1]Item 1.23 [23] ↔ Hanshi waizhuan,10.20/77/4.

[2]An unidentified place.

[3]泰 士→大 士 (JS,856/15). The Hanshi waizhuan,ibid,reads 大理 Chamberlain for Law Enforcement.

[4]泰祝→大祝 (JS,86/16).

[5]申田 is not a name of a person. 申 is interchangeable w ith 司,and therefore 申田 is identical to 司田 (“Manager of Agriculture”),an official title in the state of Qi. See Guanzi,8.2/66/7.

[6]Erase 聘 (JS,87/20).