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24.望夫石

王建

望夫处,江悠悠。化为石,不回头。

山头日日风复雨,行人归来石应语。

中文解读

《望夫石》是唐代诗人王建居于武昌时根据当地传说以及望夫石石像所作的一首诗,歌颂了夫妻之间坚贞的爱情。前四句共同绘出了一幅望夫石生动感人的图画。第五句描绘出望夫石经久不变的品质,第六句对望夫石在丈夫归来时展开想象。诗人只描写了望夫石这一景物和自己刹那间的感受,平平写出,像是信手拈来,不费力气,然而却是情悠悠,水悠悠,予人以无穷韵味。

从艺术手法上看,这首诗抓住石之形与人之情来写,构思最为精巧。“望夫处,江悠悠”,从人写起,交代了地点,又以悠悠江水流暗喻时间之长,感情之久。“化为石,不回头”,言望夫之妇化而为石,也暗示时久。妇人伫立江边,看那江水一去不回头,自己也化为石像永远不回头。“山头日日风复雨”,不畏风吹雨打,不怕天长日久,她一直不回头,一心望夫归。最后,以“行人归来石应语”结束全诗,又将望夫石拟人化,可谓匠心独运。

全诗刻画了古代妇女深情动人的形象,揭示了她们悲苦的命运。诗歌于平淡质朴中蕴含着丰富的内容。

白话译文

在等待丈夫的地方,江水滔滔不绝地流淌着。女子变成了石头,永不回首。

在山巅每天风和雨都在循环交替着。行人若能回来,那么石头也应该会说话了。

英译一

Awaiting Husband Stone

Translated By Zhang Tingchen &Bruce M. Wilson


Where she awaits her husband,

On and on the river flows.

Never looking back,

Transformed into a stone.

Day by day upon the peak, wind and rain revolve,

Should the traveler return, this stone would utter speech.

(transform v.改变,转换 revolve v.循环 utter v.发出;表达)

英译二

Waiting for Her Husband

Translated by Xu Yuanchong


Waiting for him alone,

Where the river goes by,

She turns into a stone,

Gazing with longing eyes.

Atop the hill from day to day come wind and rain,

The stone should speak to see her husband come again.

英译欣赏

The poem writes about a legend that originated in Wuchang, Hubei Province, and spread far and wide that there were many such landmarks along the rivers of China. Great imagination and poetic affectionate words make the poem popular throughout the ages.

英译一为复旦大学外文系张庭琛和美国人Bruce M. Wilson合译,这一翻译几乎尽善尽美。人教版高中英语课本第6册Unit 2 Poems 课文中选用的就是这个译文。

四个短句“望夫处,江悠悠。化为石,不回头。”用了四行英语,共两个长句。“山头日日风复雨,行人归来石应语。”用了两行英语,共两个长句,译文字数均匀,显得对称。

第一句Where she awaits her husband为地点状语从句,修饰主句谓语动词flows,主句On and on the river flows, on and on 连用,强调江水悠悠的意境。

第二句Never looking back是现在分词短语表结果,这里提至句首,意在强调。Transformed into a stone,是She was transformed into a stone 的省略。

第三句Day by day upon the peak,时间和地点状语提前,予以突出。revolve 指wind 和rain 循环或交替出现。

最后一句Should the traveler return, this stone would utter speech,行人若能够回来的话,那么石头也应该说话了。这是虚拟语气,表示客观上不可能发生的事情。为了简练,用倒装语序,原语序是:If the traveler should return, this stone would utter speech。

英译二是北京大学许渊冲教授的翻译。译文不仅追求意美也追求音美,采用ababcc 押韵,用词更简练。第一句Waiting for him alone,省略了动词的主语she,第二句Where the river goes by,作句子的地点状语。因此,第一、二句组合的句子既有省略,也有倒装,原句应是:Where the river goes by, she is waiting for him alone。第三、四句She turns into a stone, Gazing with longing eyes她变成了石头,用渴望的眼睛一直注视着远方采用意译,非常形象生动。第五句也用倒装强调这一情景,原句应是:Wind and rain come atop the hill from day to day。第六句也用虚拟语气表示客观上不可能发生的事情,令人唏嘘、感动。The stone should speak to see her husband come again,这是表示将来时态的虚拟语气,与英译一异曲同工,实属精美的译文!此译文经过反复锤炼,音、形、意俱美。

思考

成语“Where there is a will, there is a way”是否为类似经典句型?