Part 1 综合写作的本质是什么
01 综合写作是什么？
在进入TOEFL考试的写作部分后，考生们首先面对的就是综合写作（Integrated Writing）的任务，其分数占整个TOEFL写作部分的一半。在这项任务中，考生们首先有3分钟时间阅读一篇学术文章（约200词）。在文章第一段，作者通常会清楚表达一个目标，接下来用三个分论点对这个目标进行展开论述。接着，这篇阅读文段会从屏幕上消失，进入一段听力文段（约2分钟），其中的说话者首先会针对阅读文章的总目标发表（支持或反对的）看法，然后对阅读部分的各分论点（通常为三个展开段）依次进行讨论，当然，这一定与听力总目标（支持或反对）保持一致。在听力结束后，屏幕上会出现以下写作要求：
You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be
judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your
response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage.
Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading.
（上面这段话可能有其他写法）
考生将会有20分钟时间写一篇作文（推荐词数为150~225），该作文考生不表达自己的立场，而是对听力文段进行概述，并体现出听力与阅读的关系。接下来，计时开始，屏幕左方会重新出现阅读文段，右方为答题位置。
理论上，如果听力是在对阅读进行反驳，则写作要求会显示以下三种之一：
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims/arguments made in the reading passage.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.
如果听力是在对阅读进行支持，则写作要求会显示以下两种之一：
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they support the explanations in the reading passage.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they strengthen specific points made in the reading passage.
但现实是，在所有官方TPO题目，以及考生们经历的考试当中，几乎所有的听力文段都是在对阅读进行反驳，所以在复习准备阶段，考生们大可只考虑反驳的情况。