1. Mackie K E，Zhou Z，Robbins P，et al. Histopathology of femoral head donations：a retrospective review of 6161 cases [J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011，93（16）：1500-1509.

2. Sun H B，Zhao L，Tanaka S，et al. Moderate Joint Loading Reduces Degenerative Actions of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Articular Cartilage of Mouse Ulnae [J]. Connect Tissue Res. 2011 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]

3. de Klerk B M，Willemsen S，Schiphof D，et al. Development of radiological knee osteoarthritis in patients with knee complaints. [J] Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Nov 29. [Epub ahead of print]

4. Poole A R，Nelson F，D ahlberg L，et al. Proteolysis of the collagen fibric in osteoarthritis [J]. Biochem Soc Symp，2003，7：115-123.

5. Henrotin Y，Addison S，Kraus V，et al. Type Ⅱ collagen markers in osteoarthritis：what do th ey indicate [J]. Current Opinion in Rheumatology，2007，19（5）：444-450.

6. Seguin C A，Bernier S M. TNF2 alpha suppresses link protein and type Ⅱ collagen express ion in chondrocytes：Role of MEK1 / 2 and NF-2 kappaB signaling pathways [J]. J Cell Physiol，2003，197（3）：356-369.

7. Ho M L，Chang J K，Wu S C，et al. A novel terminal differentiation model of human articular chondrocytes in three-dimensional cultures mimicking chondrocytic changes in osteoarthritis. [J]. Cell Biol Int，2006，30（3）：288-294.

8. 王华伟，杨柳，王富友，等。膝关节退行性骨关节炎钙化层病理改变研究[J]。中国矫形外科杂志，2009，17（12）：925-927.

9. Kim H A，Blanco F J. Cell death and apoptosis in osteoarthritis [J]. Curr Drug Targets，2007，8（2）：333-345.

10. Thomas C M，Fuller C J，Whittles C E，et al. Chondrocyte death by apoptosis is associated with cartilage matrix degradation [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，2007，15（1）：27-34.

11. Tomoya M，Hiroshi H，ToruO，et al. Role of subchondral bone in osteoarthrit is development：a comparative study of two strains of guinea pigs with and without spontaneously occurring osteoarthritis [J]. Arthritis Rheum，2007，56：3366-3374.

12. 李伟，肖德明，王巨，等．滑膜炎对兔膝实验性骨关节炎形成和发展的影响[J]．中华风湿病杂志，2007，11（10）：601-602.

13. 周达岸，郑洪新，李静．骨痹消对兔骨关节炎软骨、滑膜组织病理学变化的影响[J]．数理医药杂志，2010，23（2）：206-209.

14. Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez，Sergio A. Jimenez，and David G. Stokes. Increased life span of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes by exogenous expression of telomerase [J]. Arthritis & Rheumatism，2002，46 （3）：683-693.

15. Iannone F，De Bari C，Dell’Accio F，et，al. Increased expression of nerve growth factor（NGF）and high affinity NGF receptor（p140 TrkA）in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes [J]. Rheumatology（Oxford）2002 Dec；41（12）：1413-1418.

16. Taniguchi S，Ryu J，Seki M，et al. Long-term oral administration of glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate reduces destruction of cartilage and up-regulation of MMP-3 mRNA in a model of spontaneous osteoarthritis in Hartley guinea pigs [J]. J Orthop Res. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]

17. Mazzuca S A，Brandt K D，Lane K A，et al. Malalignment and subchondral bone turnover in contralateral knees of overweight/obese women with unilateral osteoarthritis：implications for bilateral disease [J]. Arthritis Care Res（Hoboken），. 2011，63（11）：1528-1534.

18. Zhang H，Liew C C，Marshall K W. Microarray analysis reveals the involvement of beta-2 microglobulin （B ₂M）in human osteoarthritis [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，2002，10（12）：950-960.

19. Gebhard P M，Gehrsitz A，Bau B，Soder S et al. Quantification of expression levels of cellular differentiation markers does not support a general shift in the cellular phenotype of osteoarthritic chondrocytes [J]. J Orthop Res，2003 Jan；21（1）：96-101.

20. Link T M，Li X. Bone marrow changes in osteoarthritis [J]. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol，2011，15（3）：238-246.

21. Englund M，Felson D T，Guermazi A，et al. Risk factors for medial meniscal pathology on knee MRI in older US adults：a multicentre prospective cohort study [J]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011，70（10）：1733-1739.

22. Leif Dahlberg，R. Clark Billinghurst，Paul Manner，et al. Selective enhancement of collagenase-mediated cleavage of resident type Ⅱcollagen in cultured osteoarthritic cartilage and arrest with a synthetic inhibitor that spares collagenase 1 [J]. Arthritis & Rheumatism，2000，43（3）：673-682.

23. Burr D B. Anatomy and physiology of the mineralized tissues：Role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，2004，12（Supply A）：20-30.

24. Thomsen J S，Straarup T S，Danielsen C C，et al. Relationship between articular cartilage damage and subchondral bone properties and meniscal ossification in the Dunkin Hartley guinea pig model of osteoarthritis [J]. Scand J Rheumatol. 2011；40（5）：391-399.

25. Pauli C，Grogan S P，Patil S，et al. Macroscopic and histopathologic analysis of human knee menisci in aging and osteoarthritis [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，2011，19（9）：1132-1141.

26. Wildi L M，Raynauld J P，Martel-Pelletier J，et al. Relationship between bone marrow lesions，cartilage loss and pain in knee osteoarthritis：results from a randomised controlled clinical trial using MRI [J]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010，69（12）：2118-2124.

27. Coats A M，Zioupos P，Aspden R M. Material properties of subchondral bone from patients with osteoporosis or osteoarthritis by microindentation testing and electron probe microanalysis [J]. Calcif Tissue Int，2003，73（1）：66-71.

28. 邓廉夫，柴本甫，杨庆铭．骨关节炎滑膜细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子的生物学特征研究[J]．中华骨科杂志，1999，19（12）：7229-726 7.

29. Yrjo T. Konttinen，Jami Mandelin，Tian-Fang Li，et al. Acidic cysteine endoproteinase cathepsin K in the degeneration of the superficial articular hyaline cartilage in osteoarthritis [J]. Arthritis & Rheumatism，2002，46（4）：953-960.

30. Englund M，Guermazi A，Lohmander SL. The role of the meniscus in knee osteoarthritis：a cause or consequence [J] ? Radiol Clin North Am. 2009，47（4）：703-712.

31. Jung K A，Lee SC，Hwang S H，et al. High frequency of meniscal hypertrophy in persons with advanced varus knee osteoarthritis [J]. Rheumatol Int. 2010，30（10）：1325-1333.

32. Friedrich K M，Shepard T，de Oliveira V S，et al. T2 measurements of cartilage in osteoarthritis patients with meniscal tears [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol，2009，193（5）：W411-415.

33. Catherine L. Hill，Daniel G. Gale，Christine E. Chaisson，et al. Knee effusions，popliteal cysts，and synovial thickening：association with knee pain in osteoarthritis [J]. The Journal of Rheumatology，2001，28（6）：1330-1337.

34. Guzman R E，Evans M G，Bove S，et al. Mono-iodoacetate-induced histologic changes in subchondral bone and articular cartilage of rat femorotibial joints：an animal model of osteoarthritis [J]. Toxicol Pathol，2003，31（6）：619-624.

35. Lajeunesse D. The role of bone in the treatment of osteoarthritis [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，2004，12 （Supply A）：34-38.

36. Englund M，Guermazi A，Lohmander LS. The meniscus in knee osteoarthritis [J]. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2009，35（3）：579-590.

37. Crema M D，Guermazi A，Li L，et al. The association of prevalent medial meniscal pathology with cartilage loss in the medial tibiofemoral compartment over a 2-year period [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010，18（3）：336-343.

38. Lajeunesse D，Martel-Pelletier J，Fernandes JC，et al. Treatment with licofelone prevents abnormal subchondral bone cell metabolism in experimental dog osteoarthritis [J]. Ann Rheum Dis，2004，63（1）：78-83.

39. 孙铁铮，吕厚山，药立波，等．类风湿关节炎与骨性关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化状态的比较[J]．中华骨科杂志，2000，20（12）：735-737.

40. Julie Cernanec，Farshid Guilak，J. Brice Weinberg，et al. Influence of hypoxia and reoxygenation on cytokine-induced production of proinflammatory mediators in articular cartilage [J]. Arthritis & Rheumatism，2002，46（4）：968-975.

41. MacMullan P A，McCarthy G M. The meniscus，calcification and osteoarthritis：a pathologic team [J]. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010，12（3）：116.

42. Ashraf S，Wibberley H，Mapp P I，et al. Increased vascular penetration and nerve growth in the meniscus：a potential source of pain in osteoarthritis [J]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011，70（3）：523-529.

43. 王居勇，范广宇，井上明生，等．髋关节骨性关节炎负重部位关节囊的组织病理学观察[J]．中华骨科杂志，2001，21（3）：167-171.

44. Misoge N，Waletzko K，Bode C，et al. Light and electron microscopic in-situ hydridization of collagen type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ mRNA in the fibrocartilaginous tissue of late-stage osteoarthritis [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，1998，6：278-285.

45. Roosendaal G，van Rinsum A C，Vianen M E，et al. Haemophilic arthropathy resembles degenerative rather than inflammatory joint disease [J]. Histopathology，1999，34：144-153.

46. Kuroki K，Cook C R，Cook JL. Subchondral bone changes in three different canine models of osteoarthritis [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011，19（9）：1142-1149.

47. Kortekaas M C，Kwok WY，Reijnierse M，et al. Osteophytes and joint space narrowing are independently associated with pain in finger joints in hand osteoarthritis [J]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011，70（10）：1835-1837.

48. Andrew L J，Brancolini V，de la Pena LS，et al. Refinement of the chromosome 5p locus for familial calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Am J Hum Genet，1999，64：136-145.

49. Holderbaum D，Haqqi TM，Moskowitz RW. Genetics and osteoarthritis：exposing the iceberg [J]. Arthritis Rheum，1999，42：397-405.

50. Boraiah S，Dyke JP，Hettrich C，et al. A ssessment of vascularity of the femoral head using gadolinium （Gd-DTPA）enhanced magnetic resonance imaging：a cadaver study [J]. J Bone Jo int Surg Bt，2009，91：131-137.

51. From A M，Hyder JA，Keams AE，et al. Relationship between low bone mineral density and exercise induced myocardial Ischemia [J]. Mayo Clin Proc，2007，82：679-685.

52. Ruegg C，Mariotti A. Vascular integrins：pleiotropic adhesion and signaling molecules in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci，2003，60（6）：1135-1157.

53. 李晗，陈百成，邵德成，等．血管病理与骨关节炎发病关系的研究进展[J]．中国矫形外科杂志，2010，18（1）：46-48.

54. Hurley M V. Muscledys function and effective rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis：what we know and what we need to find out [J]. Arthritis Rheum，2003，49：444-452.

55. Segal N A，Toda Y. Absolute reduction in lower limb lean body mass in Japanese women with knee osteoarthritis [J]. J Clin Rheumatol，2005，11：245-249.

56. Katsuragawa Y，Saitoh K，Tanaka N，et al. Changes of human menisci in osteoarthritic knee joints [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010，18（9）：1133-1143.