信息系统实证研究的20种重要理论与应用Ⅱ
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2.3 结论与展望

通过对信息生态理论相关文献的梳理与归纳可知,其在信息系统研究中的应用集中在信息系统设计与使用研究、信息服务研究、网络信息传播研究及数据安全与隐私保护研究四个方面。

现有研究尚存在一些局限性:①缺少适当的研究方法丰富研究结论。首先,已有研究主要采用定性研究方法对用户的技术使用经验进行探索性研究,缺少定量方法;其次,已有文献虽以信息生态理论为框架分析了哪些因素会影响信息服务效果,但未深入分析哪些因素是提高信息服务质量的必要条件;最后,网络信息传播是复杂的动态变化过程,而现有研究结论多基于横截面数据。②信息技术要素在信息生态系统中的作用研究得不够透彻。一方面,信息系统设计与使用方面的研究未分析信息技术对信息系统使用者产生的影响;另一方面,信息服务方面的研究更关注特定信息环境中的信息服务情况,未特别重视信息技术在信息服务过程中的作用。③人口老龄化会导致信息系统的老年用户越来越多,且老年人非数字原住民,在信息社会可能面临更多的问题,而当前研究对老年人信息生态理论的情况关注不多。④信息生态系统是开放系统,不同生态系统之间也存在相互作用,已有研究只分析了单一信息生态系统中的信息流转情况,而忽视了群体间的网络信息传播。⑤尽管信息生态理论很适用于分析信息安全问题,但目前这方面的应用研究还不算充分,且既有文献多分析宏观层面的数据安全和隐私保护问题。

为此,提出相关研究思路以供参考:①针对研究方法上的问题,未来可从信息、信息人、信息技术和信息环境四个维度中提炼出技术使用相关的假设并进行实证检验,还可采用定性比较分析方法解释信息服务影响因素的组合效果,或者采用纵向研究分析网络信息生态系统中各要素间的动态相互作用。②为了深入研究信息技术在信息生态系统中的作用,未来可以继续分析信息技术对信息系统用户及信息服务质量的影响,如分析信息服务生态系统中个性化推荐技术是否有利于信息资源合理配置。③为了协助老年人有效使用各种信息系统,未来研究可以老年人群体为研究对象,结合信息生态理论分析老年人的数字技能短板,开发出适老化的信息系统设计元素。④未来研究可以网络社区为分析单位探究不同群体间的信息传播情况,如以信息生态理论为分析框架探析网络水军控评对网络舆论的影响。⑤未来可以应用信息生态理论分析Vlog隐私披露、应用程序的隐私保护政策有效性等互联网生活中亟待解决的现实问题,进一步丰富数据安全方面的研究内容。


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